扫描电镜-能谱仪在毒物检验中的应用

目的建立扫描电镜-能谱仪检验氰化钠的方法。方法应用扫描电镜-能谱仪及化学反应法对案件的茶水和死者胃内容中的氰化钠成分进行检验。结果检验出了氰化钠成分。结论与传统分析方法相比,该方法具有快速、简便、准确以及不破坏试样的特点。     

立体取证法在侦查毒品犯罪中的运用

立体取证法是指在侦查员在侦查刑事案件的过程中,随着侦查工作的推进,对收集的各种证据从时间、空间多维度上进行同步位移、同步定位的取证方法。毒品犯罪过程具有较强的流动性,需要用时间和空间的定位。毒品犯罪手段的多样化,新型化更需要在在侦查原则中把握。方法的创新、制度的创新的推进力,制度创新是保持高效的重要动力。     

Crime in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Enlarged Europe

An enlarged European Union not only means more territory and a greater population, but also more crimes and perpetrators of crimes. The European integration brings a new challenge to criminology. Comparison of crime statistics across countries is still one of the most difficult methodological problems in criminological analyses. Countries differ in respect of their penal systems and penal policies. Reporting and statistical systems are also different. How, then, can one compare crime between European countries? Can one say where it is safer or where the police work better? Can one determine what the manner of data collection should be so that it reflects reality accurately? This article concentrates on a representation of some trends of crime in Central and Eastern European countries. A main source of information about crime are official crime statistics collected according to the methodological rules worked out by the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. In the case of homicide, police data are confronted with vital statistics gathered by the World Heath Organization (WHO). The statistics on assault and robbery were compared, as much as possible, with the victimization data from the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The socio-economic context of the crime, the main circumstances of the crime statistics, which affected the interpretation of the crime trends for Central and Eastern European Countries, is presented.     

我省毒品犯罪的现状、预测及对策探讨

毒品问题极大地威胁着青少年的健康成长,毒品问题引发一系列的刑事犯罪活动,在新形势下,我省毒情也将发生重大变化,能否准确预测毒品犯罪和卓有成效地解决毒品问题是对我们的严峻考验。     

试论易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点及防治对策

易制毒化学品是国家规定管制的,容易用于制造毒品,包括麻醉药品和精神药品的原料和配剂。近年来,我国易制毒化学品违法犯罪案件时有发生,并呈逐年上升的态势,这不仅助长了制贩毒品犯罪的蔓延,而且败坏了国家声誉。管理部门必须根据易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点,强化易制毒化学品管制基础工作;加强对易制毒化学品知识的培训和宣传教育;依法打击易制毒化学品违法案件;加强易制毒化学品查缉和检测设备以及销毁技术的研发工作,推行社会化管理模式,以遏制易制毒化学品违法犯罪的增长。     

Drugs in oral fluid in randomly selected drivers

There were 13,176 roadside drug tests performed in the first year of the random drug-testing program conducted in the state of Victoria. Drugs targeted in the testing were methamphetamines and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). On-site screening was conducted by the police using DrugWipe^®, while the driver was still in the vehicle and if positive, a second test on collected oral fluid, using the Rapiscan^®, was performed in a specially outfitted “drug bus” located adjacent to the testing area. Oral fluid on presumptive positive cases was sent to the laboratory for confirmation with limits of quantification of 5, 5, and 2 ng/mL for methamphetamine (MA), methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), and THC, respectively. Recovery experiments conducted in the laboratory showed quantitative recovery of analytes from the collector. When oral fluid could not be collected, blood was taken from the driver and sent to the laboratory for confirmation. These roadside tests gave 313 positive cases following GC–MS confirmation. These comprised 269, 118, and 87 cases positive to MA, MDMA, and THC, respectively. The median oral concentrations (undiluted) of MA, MDMA, and THC was 1136, 2724, and 81 ng/mL. The overall drug positive rate was 2.4% of the screened population. This rate was highest in drivers of cars (2.8%). The average age of drivers detected with a positive drug reading was 28 years. Large vehicle (trucks over 4.5 t) drivers were older; on average at 38 years. Females accounted for 19% of all positives, although none of the positive truck drivers were female. There was one false positive to cannabis when the results of both on-site devices were considered and four to methamphetamines.     

STRAINED LIVES AND CRIME: EXAMINING INTRA‐INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND OFFENDING IN A SAMPLE OF INCARCERATED WOMEN*

When applied to the study of changes in an individual's offending, general strain theory posits that individuals will be more likely to offend during periods of high strain. Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from female inmates, we explore the relationship between intra‐individual changes in strain and changes in offending and drug use. We also examine how different dimensions of strain‐recent composite strain, duration, clustering and accumulation, contribute to the explanation of offending. We find that changes in strain are associated with changes in violence, drug use, and property crime and that these relationships remain after the addition of control variables. Moreover, the strain‐crime relationship holds when the correct causal order is specified. When modeling offending, taking various dimensions of strain into account does increase the amount of variation explained for some outcomes, but other dimensions are highly correlated. We conclude that conceptualizing the interaction between strain and crime as a dynamic process is constructive and that general strain theory will be improved if criminologists move beyond static conceptions of strain.     

列当的安全性评价试验

为进一步确定列当(Orobanche cumana)的实际效用以及是否可以在成为肉苁蓉的替代品方面有其相应的价值,对小鼠进行半数致死量测定和最大给药量测定的急性毒性试验、SD大鼠进行30 d灌胃的亚慢性毒性试验,观察列当水煎液的毒性作用。急性毒性试验结果表明,当列当水煎液的最大给药剂量为40 g/kg时,小鼠并无不适反应,体征一切正常,7 d内所有小鼠无死亡。亚慢性毒性试验期间,试验组大鼠的临床体征正常,血常规及血清生化指标均在正常范围内,剖检未见异常,在心、肝、肾组织学观察中均未见明显的病理变化。列当水煎液急性毒性试验及亚慢性毒性试验均说明列当水煎液实际无毒。