On the Limits of Social Control: Structural Deterrence and the Policing of “Suppressible” Crimes

The present study examined the relationships between patterns of police arrests and subsequent variations in robbery, burglary, and aggravated assault in New York City police precincts from 1989 to 1998. Grounded in the structural deterrence theoretical perspective, and using a two‐stage fixed‐effects statistical framework, the study found that while controlling for indicators of social disorganization, increases in arrest vigor (i.e., arrests per officer for violent crimes in each precinct and raw arrest counts) predicted decreases in robbery and burglary, but that the relationships were non‐linear: as arrest vigor increased, robbery and burglary crime decreased; when arrest thresholds were reached, however, both robbery and burglary crime rates became positively associated with arrest aggressiveness. Conversely, variations in aggressive arrest patterns had no significant effect on aggravated assault, supporting the suppressible crimes arguments that primarily economically motivated crimes, and those that tend to occur in public settings, are most likely deterred by aggressive police practices.     

Assessing the Relationship between Immigration Status and Drug Use

The immigration–crime connection has been the basis for numerous immigration policy decisions. However, there are theoretical arguments and empirical evidence both for and against the positive relationship between immigration and crime. Moreover, much of this research has failed to focus specifically on illegal immigrants. The current study examines drug use patterns among 3,050 recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona, from April 2007 to September 2008. Using logistic regression, the authors isolate the effects of immigration status on several types of drug use while controlling for relevant individual and situational characteristics. Findings show that illegal immigrants are generally less likely to use drugs when compared to US citizens, with the exception of powder cocaine use. The paper concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for the larger body of research on immigration and crime, as well for immigration and enforcement policy and practice.     

常见毒品GC/FID定量分析方法

目的采用GC/FID方法对5种常见毒品进行定量分析。方法在1mL含有甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、氯胺酮、海洛因及6-乙酰吗啡的混合标准溶液中加入500μg/mL C17内标物20μL,用GC/FID方法定量测定。结果在加标量为62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL的标准溶液中,5种分析物的回收率为84.3%～110%,日内6次测定的RSD≤5.6%,日间5次测定RSD≤5.4%,线性范围为6.25μg/mL～500μg/mL,检出限为0.1μg/mL～0.3μg/mL,用所建立的GC/FID定量方法对案件样品进行定量分析,同一样品平行测定两次结果相对相差小于7.7%。结论该方法适合于常见毒品的定量分析。     

食品药品安全监管问题分析及其法律规制

食品药品安全的监管问题包括两个层面,即在构成犯罪的场合,属于刑事法律的规制;在违法违规层面,则属于行政法的管辖范围。鉴此,应针对当前监管机制存在的问题,围绕主体厘清、责任明确、制度建构和法条完善四点,展开讨论。通过对相关问题的现状及其成因的检视,提出应对建议,以期食品药品安全监管问题研究的进一步深入和完善。     

美国“技术缉毒”策略新动向探析

近年来 ,美国缉毒部门在反思禁毒策略和缉毒手段的成效中 ,逐步认识到技术缉毒在打击毒品犯罪中的重要作用 ,并在实践中充分利用技术优势 ,特别是在公开查缉毒品犯罪案件的侦查中 ,不断加大技术比重 ,推行“技术缉毒”策略 ,在实践中收到良好效益。     

荫风轮总苷毒理学实验研究

目的:观察荫风轮总苷的急性和慢性毒性反应。方法:荫风轮总在灌胃测定小鼠最大给药量,观察7d内动物的死亡情况;大鼠分为对照组,荫风轮总苷高、中、低剂量组(940,470,235mg·kg-1/d),连续灌胃4周及停药2周。结果:荫风轮总苷的小鼠的最大给药量为8.0g·kg-1/d,相当于临床成人试用量的476.19倍。荫风轮总苷高、中、低剂量组,均可明显缩短凝血时间,高、中剂量组升高总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)作用与对照组差异有显著性,高剂量组可明显降低血胆固醇(TC)水平;动物一般状况、其他血液和血液生化指标、脏器系数、病理解剖观察均未见明显异常;停药2周后各指标与对照组相比,差异均无显著性。结论:荫风轮总苷未见有明显毒性反应及延时毒性,表明其安全性较高。     

对西北毒品违法犯罪重点整治地区的调查与思考——以甘肃省临夏回族自治州为例

本文以甘肃临夏回族自治州为例 ,分析了西北重点整治地区的毒品违法犯罪现状及产生原因 ,探讨了治理对策。     

毒品犯罪中的预备案件研究

自毒品的危害被人们认识以来,人类就在不断地采取措施打击毒品犯罪。时至今日,单纯地将毒品打击活动局限在事后打击上,对于日益严峻的毒品犯罪活动显得较为滞后。毒品犯罪案件中的预备案件是将对毒品犯罪的打击提前到预备阶段的一种侦查措施,它能有效地防止人民币外流,减少毒品对社会的危害。预备案件实施必须有可靠的信息情报、丰富的缉毒经验、规范的操作程序和人身安全保障及法律法规的支撑。否则,将可能存在诱人犯罪、侵犯人权甚至增加社会危害性等不良后果。     

美、加、澳、丹、瑞五国禁毒政策概述（译文）

我们10人小组参考部分英文资料,在老师的指导下,对美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、丹麦和瑞典等国的禁毒政策的核心部分进行了概略性译述,以期为我国的禁毒研究和实际工作提供参鉴。     

跨境毒品犯罪区际刑事警务合作研究

跨境毒品犯罪的区际刑事警务合作表现为跨区域性,是各法域在享有独立司法权的基础上所开展的一种互助行为。面对新时期跨境毒品犯罪的发展趋势,需要从规范跨境毒品刑事警务合作的程序、健全毒品犯罪情报共享机制、严密对洗钱行为的规控、建立与台湾的缉毒协作机制、强化人员培训和技术合作等方面加以完善,有效地控制跨境毒品犯罪的发展和蔓延。