加强禁毒工作的对策之我见

我国禁毒和同毒品犯罪作斗争工作取得巨大成就 ,但仍需从下列方面强化工作 :1、设立常设机构统一领导 ;2、贯彻“谁主管谁负责”的原则 ,动员各部门、各单位齐抓共管 ,综合治理 ;3、加强情报信息工作 ;4、加强对毒品犯罪的调查研究 ,对症施策 ;5、研究治本措施。     

Developing a Multicenter Randomized Trial in Criminology: The Case of HIDTA

In criminal justice, as in other fields, an experimental study conducted ata single site does not offer a solid basis upon which to make strong publicpolicy recommendations. To date, criminal justice researchers have reliedupon two general approaches to overcome the limitations of single-siteexperimental research. The first, termed ``meta-analysis, seeks tocombine independent studies to identify consistent effects across criminaljustice settings or contexts. The second, sometimes termed replicationstudies, seeks to replicate investigations in multiple criminaljustice jurisdictions. In this paper we describe a related approachdeveloped in clinical studies in medicine and examine its applicabilityin criminal justice settings. Termed a multicenter clinicaltrial, this method demands the implementation ofa single experimental protocol at multiple sites. We contrast themulticenter approach with other methods and provide a substantiveexample of an ongoing multicenter criminal justice study. We begin byexamining the specific limitations of current approaches and solutionsoffered by multicenter studies to overcome these. We then turn to anapplication of the multicenter clinical trial in a criminal justicesetting. Using the example of the HIDTA (High-Intensity Drug TraffickingAreas) evaluation of drug treatment programs currently being conducted atmultiple sites, we illustrate components of the multicenter approach aswell as potential drawbacks researchers are likely to face in itsapplication in crime and justice studies.     

新型策划药亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮研究

亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮是一种被广泛滥用的策划药物，由于其具有严重的心血管、认知、知觉、胃肠道和神经危害作用，已经引起了国际性警报。部分国家和地区已将亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮列入管制，但我国尚缺乏相应的关注。本文通过研究亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮理化性质、药理和毒理作用、滥用和管制等，以期加强对亚甲基二氧吡咯戊酮的认识、研究和监管。     

Does Price Really Matter? The Relationship between Heroin Price and Purity in Australia and the Ramifications for International Drug Enforcement

This study determines the relationship between the black market price for heroin and its corresponding purity in Australia for the period from July 1996 to June 2003 (seven years). The study used regression and correlation analyses to test the relationship between the two variables. If a negative relationship was found, then it would suggest that law enforcement operations were effective. However, the study determined that there was a near-zero correlation (r = 0.02) at commercial level (i.e. weights of one ounce) but a moderate relationship (r = 0.37) at user level (i.e. weights of 1 g). From this it was concluded that Australian law enforcement operations targeting commercial quantities were neither effective nor ineffective; but operations targeting street-level users were noticeably ineffective. To improve success at both levels, the study put forward the proposition that more aggressive enforcement operations in front of the international Customs barrier may be needed.     

法医毒理学的结果解释（上）

法医毒理学的主要任务是从生物检材中分析毒（药）物,并且推断毒（药）物浓度对死亡或行为能力的作用程度,结果解释是法医毒理学的最终目的。现代法医毒理学主要包括死后法医毒理学、滥用药物筛查和行为能力影响三个方面,由此探讨在进行结果解释时的诸多影响因素。进行法医毒理学的结果解释时应非常慎重,充分了解案情和调查结果,充分考虑毒（药）物的毒性、生物检材、药代动力学、体内再分布、药物交叉反应等多种因素,才能对案件作出较为准确的结果解释。     

国际刑事合作:美国禁毒新主题

毒品贩运的全球化与国际刑事合作的兴起 ,促进了美国的禁毒斗争新发展 ,在此格局下 ,美国的缉毒力量展开一系列的双边及国际刑事合作活动 ,近 30年来 ,演化了一条曲折生动的新路径。     

加强边检机关禁毒工作的若干思考

2010年上海世博会日益临近，面对境外毒品渗透加剧的毒情形势，边检机关要统一思想、提高认识，积极参与禁毒工作；要通过专项培训和科技手段，提高边检民警查缉毒品的意识与技能；密切与其他缉毒职能部门的合作；把禁毒宣传与世博宣传相结合。边检部门要通过强化禁毒职能，为世博会创造和谐的口岸环境。     

涉毒违法行为若干问题探讨——解读《治安管理处罚法》对涉毒违法行为的立法与处罚适用

《治安管理处罚法》颁布施行后,将成为公安机关处罚涉毒违法行为的法律依据。该法继承了《关于禁毒的决定》和《治安管理处罚条例》对涉毒违法行为的有关规定,并在调整范围、处罚幅度等方面进行了补充和修改,解决了我国法律在惩治涉毒违法行为的立法和适用上的部分问题;但仍存在立法上的遗漏和适用上的不足,应进一步制订实施细则加以完善。     

西部民族地区毒品问题的地缘因素探析

西部民族地区严重的毒品犯罪态势很大程度上是由于所处的地缘环境造成的,这无疑对西部民族地区和谐社会的构建造成了很大的影响。因此,研究这一现象背后所隐藏的地缘性因素,是非常有意义的。文章主要从境外与境内两个角度探讨了影响西部民族地区毒品犯罪的地缘性因素。     

茶多酚急性、慢性毒性实验研究

目的：观察对茶多酚的急性和慢性的毒性反应。方法：小鼠分５组，剂量比值为１：０．８，连续灌胃７ｄ。按Ｂｌｉｓｓ法计算茶多酚ＬＤ５０。大鼠分对照组，茶多酚高、中、低剂量组，连续灌胃９０ｄ。结果：茶多酚ＬＤ５０为２．４９９ｇ／ｋｇ。动物长期服用茶多酚未出现体重、血常规、肝肾功能及脏器组织的毒性变化。结论：茶多酚属低毒性，对大鼠０．８ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ＾－１的剂量相当于成人用量的１００倍以上，提示临床用药量是安