新型毒品的犯罪模式

本文运用犯罪学的基础理论,全面分析了新型毒品的犯罪行为模式、犯罪学定性和犯罪行为发展趋势,区分了其与传统毒品犯罪的异同,揭示了其对禁毒工作形成的新挑战。     

新型毒品2C-B的研究进展

2C-B是一种新型的毒品,它具有兴奋和致幻的双重精神作用。作为滥用品始于上世纪80年代的欧美地区,近年来,在一些亚洲国家和地区包括我国开始出现其滥用的情况,并有逐渐增多的趋势。本文就2C-B的合成方法、药毒理作用、代谢等方面进行综述。     

Phencyclidine: a 5-year retrospective review from the New York City Medical Examiner's Office

We report here a 5-year retrospective review of autopsy cases from the New York City Medical Examiner's Office that demonstrated phencyclidine (PCP) in the blood. There were a total of 138 cases. There were 52 deaths because of mixed drug intoxication: the blood PCP concentrations in these cases ranged from <1 to 598 ng/mL. There were 80 violent deaths in which PCP was quantified in the blood but was unrelated to the cause of death. There were five nonviolent deaths in which PCP exclusively was detected. In four of these, there were preexisting medical conditions that could also have contributed to death. In these, the highest PCP concentration was 361.3 ng/mL, a concentration lower than seven of the individuals in our violent death category. This suggests that lower concentrations may be fatal with comorbid conditions.     

Trends and pattern of drug abuse deaths in Maryland teenagers

The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Maryland recorded a total of 149 drug abuse deaths of teenagers aged 13-19 years between 1991 and 2006. Of these deaths, 96 (64.4%) were caused by the use of narcotic drugs only, 29 (19.5%) by both narcotics and cocaine, four (2.7%) by both narcotics and methylenedioxymethamphetamine, six (4.0%) by cocaine only, and 14 (9.4%) by volatile substances (e.g., butane, Freon, nitrous oxide, and propane). The annual death rate from drug abuse for teenagers increased from 1.4 deaths per 100,000 population in 1991 to 2.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2006 (chi-square test for time trend, p<0.01). The increase in teenager drug abuse deaths occurred in 1999 and since has remained at a higher rate. Further analysis revealed that the increase in drug abuse deaths was attributable to a large degree to narcotic drugs, particularly heroin/morphine and methadone, and was confined to teenagers residing in the suburban and rural areas.     

我国药品专利司法保护制度立法与实践的宏观评析

专利司法保护之于激励创新药物研发的作用毋庸置疑,且得到了国内外研究和实践的印证。全面、宏观地梳理近年来我国药品专利案件总体情况,是评价和健全＂中国特色＂药品专利司法制度的基础。本文将在回顾我国创新药物专利保护立法现状的基础上,以＂中国知识产权裁判文书网＂登载的所有药品专利案件为样本,分析药品专利诉讼现状,并预测未来此类案件的发展趋势,以期为完善药品专利司法保护制度提供参考依据。     

体外抗草鱼呼肠孤病毒药物筛选细胞模型的建立

以草鱼肾细胞系(CIK)和草鱼呼肠孤病毒为材料,采用噻唑蓝比色法分先给药后感染、先感染后给药、药物与病毒共孵育后感染3组进行抗草鱼呼肠孤病毒药物的筛选,建立了体外抗草鱼呼肠孤病毒药物筛选的细胞模型。先给药后感染试验组的结果表明,穿琥宁在阻断草鱼呼肠孤病毒吸附和侵入细胞时效果最强,其次是利巴韦林和板蓝根,黄芩的阻断效果最弱;而在先感染后给药试验组中,穿琥宁、利巴韦林和黄芩抑制草鱼呼肠孤病毒增殖的作用显著,板蓝根抑制病毒增殖的作用不明显;在药物与病毒共孵育后感染试验组中,利巴韦林对草鱼呼肠孤病毒有一定的直接杀灭作用,黄芩、板蓝根和穿琥宁等的体外杀病毒效果不明显。该模型的建立确认了药物在CIK细胞上具有抑制草鱼呼肠孤病毒的作用,不同给药方式药物的作用效果不同,也为抗病毒药物的筛选提供了有效的技术平台。     

健脾化湿通络方药对3 449例风湿病患者终点事件影响的队列研究

目的 通过随访风湿病出院患者健脾化湿通络方药的应用情况,观察中医药治疗风湿病的效应。方法 采用队列研究方法,电话随访风湿病住院患者出院后服用中成药和中药汤剂的时间（＜28 d者定义为非暴露组,＞28 d、且≤90 d者为低暴露组,＞90 d、且＜180 d者为中暴露组,≥180 d者为高暴露组）。采用χ2检验、Logistic回归法分析健脾化湿通络方药治疗与终点事件发生的相关性。结果 3 449例患者完成随访,失访率16.18%（666/4 115）。出院后应用中成药、中药汤剂时间≥28 d的风湿病患者共2 877例,应用频次较高的中成药依次为新风胶囊、新癀片、黄芩清热除痹胶囊、雷公藤多苷片、杜仲壮骨丸、颈椎活血胶囊等。终点事件发生185例,其中高暴露组发生18例(9.73%),中暴露组31例(16.76%),低暴露组48例(25.95%),非暴露组88例(47.57%),终点事件发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,暴露强度、新风胶囊、雷公藤多苷片、黄芩清热除痹胶囊为终点事件的保护因素。结论 终点事件的发生与中医药治疗的强度相关,以新风胶囊为代表的健脾化湿通络方药能减少风湿病患者终点事件的发生。     

10种中药水煎剂对念珠菌的体外抑菌作用

目的 观察苦参、土槿皮、黄柏、百部、黄连、虎杖、黄芩、大黄、藿香、五倍子及其混合液体外抑制念珠菌的效果。方法 参照1997年美国国家临床实验标准化委员会M27-A方案中的酵母菌微量稀释法进行药敏试验。结果 同一种中药水煎剂及不同的单味中药水煎剂对不同的念珠菌标准菌株的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）各不相同，中药混合液对5种标准菌株的MIC最低，均≤0.031 25 g/ml。结论 不同的中药对不同的念珠菌的抑制作用各不相同，复方对念珠菌的抑制作用优于单味中药。