刑事和解实务的经济分析

我国新《刑事诉讼法》以立法的形式明确了刑事和解的基本程序和要求，为多年来司法实践中广泛开展的刑事和解工作提供了法律依据。刑事和解在贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策、创建和谐社会等方面有着重要的意义，同时其符合刑法民法化，构建多元纠纷解决机制等现代司法改革发展的方向。但实践中刑事和解开展更多是符合“成本收益”计算的经济学规律，我们应当充分认识和解过程中的经济运行原理，从而更有效地运用好刑事和解，使其为社会创造更多“福利”。     

义务犯的正犯原理

义务犯是一种有别于支配犯的独立正犯形态。义务犯之义务是一种专属于义务主体的积极义务,该义务未必是来自于刑法之外的先刑法义务。一方面,义务犯具有独特的理论价值：一是能够克服传统理论对身份犯处理的误区,并赋予身份性构成要件以特殊的地位;二是弥补传统支配犯理论在处理不作为犯上的不足,并为解决不作为犯中的理论难题提供完善的解决方案。另一方面,为了防止义务犯走向过度保护法益的消极面,也要对义务犯的适用空间进行合理限缩。     

Sexual offenders with serious mental illness: prevention, risk, and clinical concerns

Individuals with serious and persistent mental illness who have also engaged in illegal sexual behavior present a unique challenge for our legal and clinical systems. Frequently, these individuals may engage in problematic sexual behaviors which result in hospitalization rather than incarceration, and an overburdened and resource-deficient public community mental health system is ill-equipped to address the seriousness of these sexual behaviors. We have a rather limited understanding of how prevention programs, intervention strategies, and risk assessment would work with this population. Here we evaluate data from a sample of 245 inpatient psychiatric sexual offenders in a forensic mental health setting and compare these with what information has already been presented in some of the literature. Through an examination of seriously mentally ill sexual offenders and their clinical presentation, legal history, and risk management concerns, we illustrate a variety of tertiary prevention needs. Future directions in the area of prevention and risk management for seriously mentally ill sexual offenders are also discussed.     

Forensic psychiatry in China

This article reviews the legal basis for the development of forensic psychiatry in China, the organization of clinical assessments, and training of forensic psychiatrists. Regulations for the management of patients in Ankang hospitals and the role of forensic psychiatrists within the Criminal Justice system are described. The primary role of forensic psychiatrists is to provide expert opinions on competence to stand trial and criminal responsibility in criminal cases. They are increasingly involved in civil court proceedings and tribunals at the request of a range of official agencies. The clinical cases assessed by Chinese forensic psychiatrists are very similar to those of their counterparts in Western countries, but the organizational and legal framework for these assessments reflects a very different system that has evolved independently.     

Utilizing Criminal History Information to Explore the Effect of Community Notification on Sex Offender Recidivism

While sex offender registration laws with notification provisions are now over a decade old, little is known about how these policies influence the prevention of sex offending. Very few studies have considered the impact of notification on sex offender recidivism or the effect of these laws on sex crimes, generally. This study considers the effectiveness of offender tracking and declaration at the state level through evaluation of current sex offender laws in Arkansas. Using a quasi‐experimental regression‐discontinuity design, this research evaluated the recidivism of the first three waves of sex offenders registered in the state (1997–1999) vs. a comparison group of sex offenders from a decade earlier (1987–1989). Findings indicate there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of recidivism. Policy implications are discussed.     

Variations in the Recidivism of Treated and Nontreated Sexual Offenders in New Jersey: An Examination of Three Time Frames

This study examines the recidivism of sexual offenders in New Jersey at three different time intervals: three years, five years, and ten years after release from prison. The sample is comprised of sexual offenders released from the general prison population (untreated sample, n = 150) and the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADTC) (treated sample, n = 150), a sex offender specific facility. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to identify the recidivism rates of sexual offenders and to determine whether sexual offenders who receive treatment demonstrate lower levels of recidivism and (2) to examine whether differences in recidivism exist among the varying time frames and offender subtypes. The results indicate that treated sex offenders maintained decreased nonsexual recidivism rates. Additionally, offenders who committed acts of rape and offenders followed up after six years had increased rates of recidivism.     

查验居民身份证的合法性根据考证及解析

查验居民身份证是警察法和居民身份证法赋予警察的一项法定权力,此权力的合法性以依法执行职务的特定警察,主观认定公民有违法犯罪嫌疑为事实和规范前提。如果将普通公民配合警察执法行为之举,视为经由查验而自证其清白,就是对所有公民的人格尊严的法定和事实性侵犯。因此,应将警察查验公民身份证件的权力,与认定公民有违法犯罪嫌疑的权力,在法理和法律上予以分开,将前者设定在公民有配合警察依法执行职务的法律义务中,后一项权力应以此义务为根基。     

公诉案件刑事和解制度再考察

刑事和解制度是一项发源于我国本土,有效解决社会矛盾,提高刑事司法效率的刑事案件解决方案。其在坚持国家追诉这一原则的基础上,兼顾被害人、犯罪人和国家三方利益,使被害人在刑事诉讼中的利益得到最大程度的保障,保证了刑事案件处理的结果实质公平。若要全面把握新刑诉法关于公诉案件刑事和解制度的规定,应从公诉案件刑事和解的范围、条件、主体以及刑事和解对刑事案件最终处理结果的影响等四个方面入手。     

刑事和解适用问题探析

刑事和解作为一项新的刑事司法制度,许多人还不甚所了解,在司法实务界尚处于试行阶段。此次刑诉法修正案对刑事和解进行了专章规定,但过于笼统。文本上的抽象性影响了实务上的操作性,因此有必要探讨引入刑事和解的法律依据,区分刑事和解与辩诉交易、调解、案件"私了"之间的不同,以及进一步分析刑事和解的具体适用。