醉驾司法出罪的学理展开与路径分析

针对实践中大量情节轻微、危害不大的醉驾案件,无论基于刑法性质、刑法效益,还是基于刑法机能,皆有司法出罪的必要。司法机关以《刑法》第13条但书和宽严相济刑事政策作为法律和政策依据,使醉驾出罪成为可能。具体到醉驾出罪的实务运作,盗窃罪司法解释提供了出罪的模式范本;应在主客观相统一基础上,综合考虑醉酒、道路、驾驶、车辆状况、后果、动机等因素,设定出罪标准;出罪不仅可在审判阶段实现,在立案、侦查、起诉等刑事司法环节也可完成。     

危险驾驶罪法律适用刍议

《刑法修正案（八）》把醉酒驾驶和情节恶劣的追逐竞驶行为定性为危险驾驶罪,给予刑法规制。该法案实施以来起到了良好的社会效果。文章分析了该罪的行为类型,并对该罪与相关罪名进行了辨析。     

醉驾入刑背景下警察执法权益的保障

伴随着醉驾入刑的实施,不少违法者为了逃避法律的制裁,使得警察执行公务受阻、受扰,甚而受到人身和名誉侵害的事件日渐增多,已经成为新时期影响警察执法、社会秩序的一大问题。可以说,有效保障醉驾入刑下的警察执法权益已成为维护国家法律尊严、树立警察执法权威、维护人民合法利益和调动警察积极性的有力举措。当前,醉驾入刑下警察执法权益的有效保障机制主要有:加强立法保护、设立维权专门机构、配备执法装备、加大宣传力度和提高警察防范能力。     

论醉酒驾驶机动车案件的办理

公安机关在办理醉酒驾驶机动车案件时存在办案主体混乱、办案程序不规范、部分民警办案有畏难情绪、犯罪认定标准不明确、是否适用刑事强制措施认识模糊、血液检测主体及检测流程不规范等问题,需要采取以下几个方面的措施:开展办案技能培训,提升民警办案能力,明确驾驶行为认定标准,界定醉酒驾驶案件办案主体,规范血液检测机构和检测流程,正确运用刑事强制措施,规范醉驾案件办案流程。     

“吸毒驾驶”入刑及其关键问题探讨--以醉酒驾驶作风险比较和刑事侦查作操作考量为视角

由“吸毒驾驶”引发的恶性交通事故频发,呈日益增长且难以遏制的态势。针对“吸毒驾驶”日趋严重问题,公安机关在推动“毒驾入刑”和查处“吸毒驾驶”方面做出了不懈的努力,国务院在关于《禁毒法实施和禁毒工作情况的报告》中也曾建议《刑法》增设“毒驾罪”。2011年我国出台《刑法修正案（八）》,把醉酒驾驶规定为犯罪,与“醉驾”相比,“吸毒驾驶”对道路交通安全和社会公共安全的危害更大。本文以同醉酒驾驶作风险比较和从刑事侦查作操作考量为视角,对“吸毒驾驶”入刑的必要性、可行性及几个关键性问题进行论述。     

THE NARROWING GENDER GAP IN ARRESTS: ASSESSING COMPETING EXPLANATIONS USING SELF‐REPORT,TRAFFIC FATALITY,AND OFFICIAL DATA ON DRUNK DRIVING, 1980–2004*

We evaluate two alternative explanations for the converging gender gap in arrest—changes in women's behavior versus changes in mechanisms of social control. Using the offense of drunk driving and three methodologically diverse data sets, we explore trends in the DUI gender gap. We probe for change across various age groups and across measures tapping DUI prevalence and chronicity. Augmented Dickey‐Fuller time‐series techniques are used to assess changes in the gender gap and levels of drunk driving from 1980 to 2004. Analyses show women of all ages making arrest gains on men—a converging gender gap. In contrast, self‐report and traffic data indicate little or no systematic change in the DUI gender gap. Findings support the conclusion that mechanisms of social control have shifted to target female offending patterns disproportionately. Little support exists for the contention that increased strain and liberalized gender roles have altered the gender gap or female drunk‐driving patterns.     

Assessing legal change: Recidivism and administrative per se laws

Tougher sanctions for drunk driving have often been advocated as a means to reduce this problematic behavior. In a test of administrative per se laws as a specific deterrent, the impact of introducing such laws is evaluated by examining reconviction rates of offenders before and after implementation of the Jaw in three states (North Dakota, Louisiana, and Mississippi), with comparisons made to a fourth state during the same time period that did not implement an administrative per se law (California). Recidivism is analyzed using survival models. The results indicate that administrative per se laws reduce rates of reconviction in some situations but not in others. In particular, if implementation of the law is accompanied by changes in overall rates of license actions, the specific deterrent effects of the law may be outweighed by the increased efficiencies of this judicial process.     

醉驾入刑诸问题新探讨

醉驾入刑一年多来,其法治效果和社会效果显现,但同时也存在一些问题。在法律与政策精神上,司法机关对醉驾行为的处理既要坚持从严惩处的态度,同时也要正确贯彻宽严相济的基本刑事政策。醉驾的情形多种多样,对醉驾入罪应根据其情节的不同区别对待,同时合理理解和正确适用醉驾的标准,并从立法上完善醉驾入刑的规定。     

论我国刑法中危险驾驶罪的客观构成要件要素

危险驾驶罪中的实行行为包括醉酒驾驶行为与追逐竞驶行为。醉酒驾驶作为一种典型的原因自由行为,既可表现为作为的方式,也可表现为不作为的方式;追逐竞驶行为无须考虑主观目的,但却需要有特定的行为手段与行为地点。危险驾驶中的"危险"实属一种超越"被允许的危险",对危险驾驶罪的客观归属进行分析,可以适当地排除部分不符合构成要件的行为。     

醉酒驾车行为“入刑”的必要性

文章对我国醉酒后驾驶交通工具的危害进行了阐述,并从目前的社会现实情况为出发点,结合刑法的目的,提出了“醉酒驾驶交通工具的行为”应该纳入刑法的调整范围,并提出相应的立法建议。