Neuerungen im Zusammenhang mit der Volksanwaltschaft

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zwischen Ordnung und Chaos

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Beschwerdelegitimation vor den Verwaltungsgerichten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Parteien,Namen, Gerichte und Behörden

Für die Bezeichnung von wahlwerbenden Parteien finden sich bestimmte Regeln in § 44 NRWO. Diese Regeln hat eine Verwaltungsbehörde, die Wahlbehörde, anzuwenden. Gleichzeitig stellt § 43 ABGB ein allgemeines System des Namensschutzes zur Verfügung, das vor den ordentlichen Gerichten in Anspruch genommen werden kann. Die österreichische Rechtsordnung unterscheidet zwischen Wahlpartei, politischer Partei und im Nationalrat vertretener Partei. Aufgrund der verfas sungsmäßigen Trennung von Justiz und Verwaltung in allen Instanzen können Entscheidungen von Verwaltungsbehörden nicht in jenen Bereichen ergehen, in denen eine Zuständigkeit von Gerichten besteht, und umgekehrt. Für die Bezeichnung von wahlwerbenden Parteien bedeutet dies, dass die Frage der Namensver wendung am Stimmzettel von der Wahlbehörde zu lösen ist. Für durch eine rechtswidrige Verwendung einer Bezeichnung verursachte Schäden sind jedoch die ordentlichen Gerichte im Rahmen einer Schadenersatzklage zuständig.     

股东关系维度代理问题及其治理机制研究

股东“异质化”的现实演进和股东关系的弱式平等使得股东关系维度代理问题日渐成为公司治理的重点与难点。股东关系维度代理问题在中国股份公司中有其特殊性,如股东间的代理关系情境极其复杂、控制权私利攫取成本较低、中小股东消极主义尤为明显、多元维度代理问题相互交织等。公司立法必须注重强化自治和利益平衡,多措并举构建防范股东关系维度代理问题的结构性治理机制。     

证券市场零和博弈与监管有效性的法经济学分析

为避免股市赌场论,我国主流学界一直否认证券市场的零和博弈特点,只是强调证券市场对优化资源配置的良好属性。然而在现实生活中,在证券市场优化配置的理论框架下我们却无法回避为什么证券市场会存在内幕交易、虚假陈述、操纵市场等私利性行为,我们在现有理论框架下也无法解释为什么现有的监管制度不足以有效监管市场。基于学界与监管层在观点上并不接受证券市场为彼之所得为我之所失的零和博弈观点,因此我们的监管实践并不是根据零和博弈的特点对症下药,这是导致目前我国证券市场处于监管不足与监管过度两难境地的根本原因。为此,我们试图从证券市场博弈的零和性分析出发,对我国证券市场监管的制度诉求、有效监管的制约因素及制度选择的有效性在法经济学层面作番讨论,以期对我国证券监管的制度重塑提供相应的理论依据。     

有限公司股东出资争议救济分析

有限责任公司凭股东之间的互相信任达到资产集合的目的,这就是公司是财产集合体中的人合性因素,股东的信赖利益又源于各个股东都出了资,股东的投资利益和投资风险都与公司绑在了一块,当部分股东没有出资、出资不实、出资不到位、抽回出资时,他对公司的承担责任的就相应减少、但他在公司获得的利益却保持不变甚至相应增加,其他股东感觉不公平,于是就造成了许多因出资引发的争议。没有出资股东对已经出资股东的五种不公平情形,其中最重要不是分红,而是获取公司高管的机会,对此的争议救济方法主要包括：各股东按照公司章程或者出资协议的规定行使股权,不能达成协议的,各股东仍然应按照原来股权范围行使股权,要求未出资和未完全出资的股东限期出资,未出资的股东暂停其表决权、知情权、参与公司管理权和暂停担任公司高管职务,要求减少未完全出资的股东的表决权,减少后的比例与其已出资占应出资的比例相当,要求暂停未完全出资股东担任公司高管职务,减少未完全出资股东担任公司高管职务的数量,减少的数量与其已出资比例相当,除了公司高管之外,该股东推荐（或者委派）担任公司高层管理人员的数量也应相应减少。     

Pilot Study of Automated Bullet Signature Identification Based on Topography Measurements and Correlations*†

Abstract: A procedure for automated bullet signature identification is described based on topography measurements using confocal microscopy and correlation calculation. Automated search and retrieval systems are widely used for comparison of firearms evidence. In this study, 48 bullets fired from six different barrel manufacturers are classified into different groups based on the width class characteristic for each land engraved area of the bullets. Then the cross‐correlation function is applied both for automatic selection of the effective correlation area, and for the extraction of a 2D bullet profile signature. Based on the cross‐correlation maximum values, a list of top ranking candidates against a ballistics signature database of bullets fired from the same model firearm is developed. The correlation results show a 9.3% higher accuracy rate compared with a currently used commercial system based on optical reflection. This suggests that correlation results can be improved using the sequence of methods described here.     

Justice Beliefs in School: Distinguishing Ultimate and Immanent Justice

This paper combines two recent developments in just world research: the conception of belief in a just world (BJW) as a resource for coping and well-being in everyday life, and the distinction between two different facets of BJW, namely belief in immanent justice (BIJ) and belief in ultimate justice (BUJ). Moreover, these two aspects are adapted to the school context and educational psychology. Scales for measuring ultimate and immanent justice in schools were developed within a German pilot reform project with a sample of 1274 pupils. The two facets could be distinguished by means of factor analysis. The reliability of the two scales is satisfactory, and their validity is confirmed by their differential correlational patterns. Results show that not every form of BJW automatically functions as a coping resource. In fact, only BUJ is able to protect pupils' mental well-being, whereas immanent justice can actually jeopardize well-being. Similarly, BUJ is associated with the perception of solidarity and learning enjoyment in class, whereas BIJ is more closely associated with the experience of rivalry and competition in class. Finally, the socialization of the two justice beliefs is considered. The cross-sectional data provide some evidence to suggest that friendly and supportive parenting styles can promote BUJ, whereas strict parenting styles may further BIJ. More longitudinal research is needed to obtain further insights into these phenomena.     

Profiles of Victimized Women Among the Child Welfare Population: Implications for Targeted Child Welfare Policy and Practices

Despite the call to address domestic violence along with child maltreatment, little information exists to guide services for victimized women involved with child welfare. Research shows that victimized women contend with multiple problems stemming from violent victimization. Unfortunately less is known about combinations of needs and resources among victimized women, especially for those involved with child welfare. Through an examination of needs and resources among families with child maltreatment and domestic violence, we aimed to help address this knowledge gap. Needs and resources among 1,229 victimized caregivers were examined using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW). Using latent class analysis, four distinct multivariate profiles of needs and resources among victimized caregivers were identified. Significant differences were found among the profile groups in the family violence they experienced in the 18 months following child welfare investigations. Based on these findings, we discuss implications for tailored practices to enhance the safety of victimized caregivers involved with child welfare. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the Society for Social Work and Research, Miami, Florida in January 2005.