女性劳动力市场两极化的劳动经济学分析

通过对女性二元劳动力市场中两极的代表群体——下岗再就业女性和高层白领女性的工作生活状态和心理状况的描述分析及对比,阐述了二元劳动力市场中女性在各个方面的分化,并从劳动经济学角度,结合制度结构、权力关系以及社会文化习俗等视角探讨了分化的原因和影响。     

中国《刑法》中的环境犯罪:梳理、评价与展望

经过刑法修正案的几次修正,中国《刑法》对环境犯罪的法律规制逐渐形成了基本格局,并从严密法网和降低结果要求两个维度体现出了强调环境保护自身价值的明显倾向。但总体上说,人本主义的刑法本身仍值得坚持,而填充侵犯环境犯罪作为独立一章则需要慎重。降低环境犯罪的结果要求不等于规定了行为犯,而过失危险犯立法的主张不如所谓复合罪过立法,严格责任立法则实无必要。中国环境刑法的进一步完善,远景规划是追求立法双轨制、在行政法规中制定罪刑罚则,乃至在条件成熟时制定《危害环境犯罪法》。而就当下来说,更容易实现的目标是,进一步严密环境犯罪的法网范围,同时,完善相应的刑事制裁体系,以便更为有效地应对各种环境犯罪行为。     

秘密社会与传统汉族社会结构

从社会学、人类学的角度 ,将传统中国的秘密结社置于中国社会结构、文化传统、制度体系及群体意识中予以考察 ,就会发现其形成和发展对政治、经济、军事、文化、宗教、宗族、人口等层面都产生了重大的影响。探究中国秘密社会的结构、类型、特征、功能 ,可以从整体上把握秘密社会与传统汉族社会结构的内在关系     

Is All Politics Indeed Local? A Comparative Study of Dual Mandate‐Holders’ Role Attitudes and Behaviours in Parliament

The practice of dual mandate‐holding, i.e. the simultaneous occupation of a political mandate at the (sub)national and the local level, is understudied in the comparative literature. Dual mandate‐holders embody the most direct link between local and central government, yet research has disregarded whether these actors actually feel and act as local ambassadors in parliament. In this article, we study whether councillors in parliament feel responsive for local grievances in terms of their respective role attitudes and behaviour, using the PARTIREP Comparative MP Survey. The estimated regression models demonstrate that dual mandate‐holders indeed perceive themselves as local brokers, even when controlling for various systemic‐, party‐ and individual‐level factors. On the other hand, they struggle to translate their localized attitudes into localized parliamentary behaviour, which could call one of the main arguments in favour of dual mandate‐holding into question.     

西部地区的经济增长与结构调整问题

1978年后,西部在我国经济高增长进程中相对落后,属于低增长梯度地区,相对于东、中部仍处于工业化的较低发展阶段.随着区域差距的动态扩大,在我国21世纪的经济增长与发展进程中,西部增长滞后已成为国民经济中的一个区域性制约因素,在很大程度上抑制了我国人均GDP的持续增长.因此,实施区域均衡发展战略,加快增长率梯度推进,激活西部的增长潜力,使之成为支持我国经济持续增长的后发区域,这已成为西部大开发的逻辑起点.     

中国传统智慧和转识成智观念考论

中国传统文化高度重视人生智慧问题,饱含哲学智慧,其智慧及其转识成智观念源远流长,内涵和意趣极其丰富。中国传统智慧观念是由德福一致、德包含智、智慧相通、福慧双修、转识成智等五个紧密相关的基本观念构成的有机整体,其中包含实现“转识成智”路径的思想,这就是重视个人的道德修养。“转识成智”的修养过程,并不是单一的智慧修养过程,而是“福慧双修”的过程。中国传统的智慧和转识成智观念具有鲜明的中国文化特色,是传统价值观中宝贵的历史遗产和观念资源,对于克服现代社会人们只追求欲望满足而无视人生境界提升导致的种种人生问题和社会问题具有重要借鉴和启示意义,值得深入挖掘、整理和弘扬。     

Transnational mobility,social capital,and cosmopolitan women traders in Ghana

Abstract

The dynamic economic power of Ghanaian women as traders in cloth and foodstuffs is well documented in the humanities and social sciences. This paper focuses on an emergent category of Ghanaian traders, women who are educated abroad and travel the globe to purchase consumer items, art, and cloth to sell on the Ghanaian market. The narratives of these women highlight numerous sociohistorical moments relevant to the global economy. As first- and second-generation immigrants in North America, these young traders are the children of the first-wave highly skilled African immigrants who sought educational opportunities in North America and Europe in the 1960s–1970s. The offspring of these educational elite now often speak of and act on a different set of desires and experience, to earn degrees in North America and Europe but return to Ghana in order to start entrepreneurial endeavors in art, fashion, and music. This new Ghanaian market woman earns a lucrative income using their cultural capital garnered through highly prized Western diplomas, the social history of women as formidable traders in Ghana, and the economic start-up funds garnered from transnational job opportunities and global family networks. In this paper, I examine the ways in which young women take advantage of global capital in order to achieve economic success in ways that question as well as challenge public policy and development programs in Ghana. Using a qualitative analysis based on ethnographic research conducted during 2009–2011 during which I interviewed 16 women ages 23–36, this paper examines how elite women progressively participate in and benefit from globalization in the ballooning informal economy of Ghana.     

论农工复合型产业与城乡一体化

社会工业化的发展,促进了传统农业与其他产业领域的相互渗透与融合,加速了农工复合型产业的发育与成长。该文指出大力构筑与发展跨行业、集约化与多元化经营的农工复合型企业集群,可以利用现代工业驱动农业发展、消除城乡二元经济结构、缓解“三农”问题、加速城乡一体化进程;可以加速构筑以现代生物产业为重点的战略产业体系,培育绿色、低碳与循环经济的增长点,实现经济、社会与生态效益的统筹兼顾,维持中国社会经济可持续发展。     

非营利组织税收政策的双重效应分析

由于非营利组织在公益服务领域的特殊地位和作用,各国政府普遍采用了优惠的税收政策来支持其发展.各国对非营利组织税法规制具有优惠性、特殊性和限制性等一些共同特征,其形成原因是由于宗教自由、弥补政府和市场缺陷等方面的需要.该项政策对非营利组织和社会经济发展具有双重效应.我国应积极借鉴他国政府这一方面税法规制政策的经验和做法,努力改善对我国非营利部门的税收管理工作,以促进我国非营利组织的健康发展.     

试论构建大众化与专业化二元结构的人民监督员选任模式

现行人民监督员选任的精英化倾向存在一些弊端,也偏离了制度设计的初衷。人民监督员制度的运行特点为我们提供了大众化与专业化分化组合的重构人民监督员选任模式的思路,循此思路可以初步给出人民监督员二元结构构建的制度安排。