论行政决定预告

行政决定预告是一项重要的行政程序制度。这一制度的理论基础是人性尊严和正当法律程序。行政决定预告的基本要素包括预告的期限、内容和方式。行政决定预告中若存在未为预告、预告失当或预告错误等瑕疵,将会产生不同的法律后果。     

量刑公正的程序保障

量刑公正是衡量实体正义的标志。量刑公正的程序保障是实现量刑公正的关键环节,但现行立法却存在定罪和量刑程序不分、控辩双方不能充分参与、法官量刑裁量权不受约束等重大缺陷,难以保证量刑公正的实现。实行定罪与量刑程序适度分离、制定统一量刑指南、强化裁判文书公开是实现量刑公正的必要保证,也是正当程序的内在要求。     

日本和意大利刑事庭审中的证据调查程序评析

日本和意大利都通过立法手段将刑事诉讼的构造从传统的职权主义转向了当事人主义 ,但同时又保留了一些传统的原则和做法 ,由此在庭审的证据调查程序上形成了不同于职权主义或当事人主义的鲜明特点 ,这些特点反映了两国对“实体真实”与“正当程序”两大诉讼理念的调和。日本和意大利的改革思路以及庭审证据调查的程序设计值得我国借鉴。     

Claims of amnesia for criminal offenses: psychopathology, substance abuse, and malingering

The forensic psychiatric examiner often encounters defendants who deny memory for their offense. Past research proposes a variety of factors to account for offense amnesia. To date there have been few systematic studies of offense amnesia in relation to psychiatric diagnosis, either alone or in combination with other known factors such as substance use and malingering. We studied 53 pretrial felony defendants who had been referred for psychiatric examination; 40% claimed amnesia for their offense. Examinees with psychotic disorders in general, and schizophrenia in particular, were relatively less likely to claim amnesia than were examinees with other diagnoses. Substance use at the time of the offense and associated substance use disorder diagnoses were positively associated with offense amnesia. Malingering diagnosed by general clinical criteria was a poor predictor of amnesia claims. These data suggests that two prominent reasons for referral for forensic psychiatric evaluation include the presence of psychotic symptoms and claims of amnesia for the offense.     

医疗事故罪的实体认定--兼与非法行医罪比较

医疗事故罪与非法行医罪是新刑法增设的两个罪名。关于这两个罪名的理解适用,学界有过一些探讨,但是探讨得不够深入。应结合与非法行医罪的比较,进行医疗事故罪的实体认定。     

Taking Stock of Drug Courts: Do They Work?

ABSTRACT

Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike have long known about the established link between substance abuse and criminal behavior, criminal justice agencies in the United States are still tasked with managing an influx of individuals who display symptoms of abuse and dependence. By the late 1980s, the drug court model emerged as an innovative response to this problem, and this reform has since proliferated to such an extent that it is the most common type of problem-solving court in America. Still, there remains much variation in how drug courts are implemented across jurisdictions, which can have strong implications for the outcomes among the courts’ participants. In this review, we summarize the key research on drug court implementation, followed by an assessment of whether they can be said to “work” in terms of reducing criminal behavior and relapse among adults. We conclude that the model remains an evidence-based practice and suggest some directions for future work, including increased emphasis on theory and causal dynamics and key measurement issues.     

Does procedural fairness matter for drug abusers to stop illicit drug use? Testing the applicability of the process-based model in a Chinese context

ABSTRACT

This study examined the influences of procedural fairness on Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse, with a primary goal to test the applicability of the process-based model in the Chinese context. According to Tyler (1990 Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. [Google Scholar], Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press), the core theoretical argument underpinning the process-based model is that if citizens consider the police to be fair in using their powers, they will view the police as legitimate and accordingly cooperate with the police and comply with the law. Using data from a sample of 202 Chinese drug users, this study found that procedural fairness has an indirect effect on drug users’ efforts to stop illicit drug use. Specifically, procedural fairness used by the police increased Chinese drug users’ efforts to stop substance abuse through its prior effects on drug users’ perceptions of police trustworthiness. These findings provide some support for the key arguments of the process-based model of regulation, and have important implications for the direction of efforts to encourage desistance-related behavior among substance abusers.     

慢传输型便秘中医证型与血管活性肠肽和P物质关系

目的 探究慢传输型便秘（slowtransitconstipation,STC）中医证型与血管活性肠肽（vasoactiveintestinalpeptide,VIP）、P物质（substanceP,SP）的关系,为中医辨证客观化寻找证据。 方法 纳入肠道实热证、肠道气滞证、肺脾气虚证、脾肾阳虚证、津亏血少证STC患者各15例,另随机选取15例健康人作为对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测血清VIP、SP水平。结果 STC患者血清VIP和SP水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）;STC虚证患者血清VIP和SP水平显著高于STC实证患者（P<0.01）; 3种虚证（肺脾气虚证、脾肾阳虚证、津亏血少证）患者血清VIP及SP水平比较,以及2种实证（肠道实热证、肠道气滞证）患者血清VIP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）; 肠道气滞证患者血清SP水平显著低于肠道实热证（P<0.05）。结论 血清VIP、SP水平与STC中医证型有关,有利于鉴别STC虚证和实证。     

合成大麻素检验方法研究进展

近年合成大麻素类物质(synthetic cannabinoids,SCs)的危害及滥用引起社会广泛关注,它们不仅具有类似天然大麻的致幻性,还有更强的副作用,包括潜在的神经精神毒性,严重影响人类身心健康。因此,国内外研究人员对合成大麻素及其代谢物的检验方法进行了相关研究。本文主要介绍了SCs的生理药理作用、主要分类等,对其检验方法研究进展进行了综述与展望,探讨了各检验方法的应用范围与选择依据,以期为SCs相关案件的检验鉴定提供参考。     

立法主旨:罪与非罪的视角把握:实践中超时空看正当防卫之界定

本文就我国正当防卫制度的立法规定进行了超时空的实践考察和理论探讨。作者认为 :两部《刑法》从有限防卫到无限防卫的立法演进 ,并非给实践划分正当防卫和防卫过当提供现成的答案 ,因而界定某一行为是正当防卫还是防卫过当时 ,应以事实分析和法条入套为基础 ,以立法主旨为罪与非罪的视角把握 ,才能杜绝有悖刑法价值的错案发生