犯罪预防和控制中的见义勇为与政府责任

犯罪的肆虐严重地威胁着国家的利益和人民群众的生命财产安全。预防和控制犯罪既需要政府专门机关的尽职尽责,也需要人民群众的积极参与和配合。预防和控制犯罪,尽管应当提倡、鼓励公民见义勇为,但是由于公民同政府相比较,无论是在防控的实际能力,还是在主观意愿等方面都存在着巨大的差别,因此预防和控制犯罪的任务在实际工作中更主要地应当由政府来承担。政府不但要担负起预防和控制犯罪的主要职责,而且要为见义勇为者提供必要的生活和安全保障。     

Violence and Sexual Coercion in High School Students' Dating Relationships

A review of the dating violence literature reveals a limited number of studies with high school students and few studies that investigate the contextual issues of violence, such as meaning, motivation, and consequences. The present study sought to investigate the extent of dating violence victimization in a New Zealand sample of senior high school students (aged 16 to 18 years) and the perceived reasons for the violence, emotional effects, disclosure of the violence, and relationship consequences. A questionnaire that contained both open-ended and forced-choice items pertaining to experiences of violence and its consequences was developed using material gathered from focus group discussions with high school students. Findings showed gender similarity in the extent of violence and a number of significant gender differences in the aftermath of violence, particularly in the area of sexual coercion. These findings are discussed in the context of future research and prevention of dating violence.     

21世纪初俄罗斯军事战略的调整方向

在新世纪到来之际,为实现国家振兴与长远发展,俄正在做出新的规划.21世纪初的俄罗斯军事战略将以对付面临的军事威胁为基本目标,贯彻以核武器为基本手段的战略遏制方针,建设一支均衡发展的现代化军队,加强对各种战略行动样式的研究和准备,推进以军事合作为基础的联盟防御,做好应付中小战争和武装冲突的准备.     

城市化进程中完善侦防工作的设想

由于 2 1世纪城市化进程速度的加快 ,我国必将会有一批城市跨入现代化国际大都市的行列 ,成为国家经济、信息、交通、科学文化和国际交往中心 ,在整个国家生活中发挥举足轻重的作用 ,应该通过超前性、可行性的研究 ,提出科学、明确的设想和规划 ,为侦防模式能与城市化进程同步发展提供理论基础。为此 ,笔者结合目前城市化进程与社会治安的关系以及侦防工作中存在的问题 ,提出了完善侦防工作的设想。     

21世纪构建社会治安防控体系的战略思考

构建社会治安防控体系是 2 1世纪管控社会治安的必由之路 ,也是一个亟待研究解决的重大课题。为此 ,必须对社会治安走势进行分析预测 ,对当前社会治安防控体系存在的突出问题进行解剖 ,在此基础上 ,从因人、因物、因时、因地、因作案手段等不同方面提出构建社会治安防控体系的基本设想     

暴力文化与青少年犯罪模仿

我国文化市场充斥暴力文化,暴力文化的刺激性迎合了青少年的好奇心理.青少年由于人格尚未定型,思维批判性差,模仿性强.特别是对暴力文化中的黑道人物、犯罪方式、人物矛盾的暴力解决方式等,进行有意或无意地模仿,酿成暴力犯罪行为.要重视暴力文化对青少年的危害,对暴力文化实行分级制,加强文化市场管理,净化文化环境,创造有利青少年成长的空间.     

Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring on Offending in Victimized Youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Empirical and conceptual literature in the United States and Western Europe provides robust evidence of victimization as a risk factor for juvenile offending and parental monitoring as a protective factor. The current study examines relationships among victimization, monitoring, and offending using a sample of youth from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Findings indicate monitoring has a protective effect, victimization increases risk, monitoring level moderates the effect of victimization on offending, and moderation effects vary by age and gender. Discussion of findings identifies implications for efforts in BiH to develop a comprehensive strategy for preventing and responding to juvenile offending.     

A Response to Yang,Burrola, and Bryan: Suicide Ideation among Participants in an After-School Program: A Convenience Sample

The exploratory study conducted by Yang, Burrola, and Bryan (2009) provides an excellent platform for calling attention to the issue of suicide risk among elementary and middle school youth. Using their study as a catalyst, with this commentary I consider the finding that 12% of the young people surveyed acknowledged that they had “seriously considered suicide during the past year.” I offer an alternative interpretation that focuses more explicitly on youth resilience and discuss how youth organizations can become more intentional and proactive in their overall suicide prevention aims.     

The Mentoring Factor

Abstract

Across Ages is a comprehensive, intergenerational mentoring program designed to reduce adolescent drug abuse and to help older adults (55+) maintain active roles in their communities. For an outcome evaluation, students in classrooms from Philadelphia public schools were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: A curriculum and community service condition (Program Group), a curriculum, service, and mentoring condition (Mentoring Group), or a Control Group. Eight modified scales and three original scales were completed by 562 students in a pretest and posttest design. Results suggest that the Program Group participants, as compared to the Control Group participants, showed significant improvement in their sense of well-being, knowledge about elders, reactions to situations involving drug use, and attitudes toward community service. Participants in the Mentoring Group also improved in their attitudes toward school, the future, and elders. Implications for further research and practical considerations for program replication are discussed.     

An Experimental Test of a Craving Management Technique for Adolescents in Substance-abuse Treatment

This paper describes an experiment designed to test an imagery-based craving management technique with a sample of adolescents diagnosed with substance-use disorders. Seventy adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 (41 males) were recruited through two substance-abuse treatment programs. The experimental procedure involved stimulating craving using a previously tested imagery technique and then administering a newly developed procedure for reducing craving. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: an “interpersonal help” craving reduction condition; an “interpersonal distracter” craving reduction condition; and a control condition in which craving was stimulated and allowed to attenuate naturally, without intervention. Results indicated that following exposure to imagery-based drug cues, the “interpersonal distracter” condition effectively interrupted craving, compared to the control condition. The “interpersonal help condition” did not attenuate participant’s craving response relative to the control condition. This study illustrates how experimental methods can be used to test and refine the efficacy of clinical interventions.