网络交易平台诈骗犯罪及其防控——以300份判决书为样本

网络交易平台诈骗犯罪的基本构造与传统诈骗犯罪无异,但缺少传统诈骗犯罪的案发现场,具有发案类型多样化、非接触性信息化、犯罪门槛低等特点。在大数据背景下,网络交易平台诈骗犯罪是网络交易平台与用户数据相互作用形成的结果,规范网络交易平台治理与完善用户数据保护成为防范此类犯罪的关键。网络交易平台的多样性和非接触性信息化加大了对犯罪进行打击和防控的难度,要从网络交易平台管理和个人数据保护两个方面进行治理,同时加强行政管理部门的相互协作,确立不同部门之间执法数据共享机制,从而构建完善的网络交易平台诈骗犯罪防控体系。     

青少年吸毒行为的特点、成因与预防——以陕西省为例

国内有关青少年吸毒问题的研究较少,且多从原因分析着手,强调宏观教育预防工作。就陕西省而言,基于相关问卷调查与统计分析,可以发现吸毒青少年呈现出受社会环境影响较大、经济状况较差、初始吸毒低龄化以及强制隔离戒毒青少年中农村户籍的比例较高、使用新型毒品的比例相对较高、复吸率高、戒治难度较大等特点。青少年吸毒的主要原因是对毒品缺乏判断力、自控力以及交友不慎。预防青少年吸毒,做好毒品预防教育工作至关重要。要提高毒品预防教育的针对性,需要完善四级毒品预防体系。     

Assessing child-safe culture and practices in organisational settings: a validation and refinement of Kaufman's Organisational Safety Climate Survey

ABSTRACT

Using an Australian sample of employees (n?=?1068) we assessed the psychometric properties of Kaufman’s Organisational Safety Climate Survey and its practical utility for measuring child-safe culture within organisations. The 60-item survey was found to have adequate psychometric properties. Initial factor analyses indicated a unidimensional factor structure, despite the survey being originally conceptualised into four subscales. Cronbach’s α coefficients were .95 for the full survey, with subscales ranging from .65–.94. However, qualitative feedback from respondents indicated that the survey was somewhat laborious and repetitive, with some item ambiguity noted. Refinements to the survey resulted in a 24-item short-form survey. The psychometric properties of the short-form survey were re-assessed. Factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution. Despite a significant reduction in items, internal consistency of the scale was not compromised; reliability of subscales also improved. Validation of this short-form survey as an alternative, time-efficient measure to maximise employee participation and contribution, is recommended.     

The Marquises of Viana: building distinction through the past (1875-1927)

In turn-of-the-century Spain, Teobaldo and José de Saavedra embodied an understanding of an aristocracy with one foot in the past and the other in the present. As holders of a recently created marquisate, their lifestyle exemplified the challenge faced by aristocrats who adopted practices and customs that were alien to them, whilst seeking to preserve elements of distinction they considered inalienable, such as dynastic history and dense family networks. The aim of this paper is to study the process of building aristocratic notability from a non-patrician origin. To this end, the profiles of the first and second Marquises of Viana are explored, paying special attention to their financial situation, social relations – particularly at Court – and a lifestyle steeped in their modern context. A key theme is their attention to art as a symbol of distinction, conceived as an instrument to leverage them to the position of the social elite of which they were becoming members. At the same time, the Marquises of Viana’s careers also reveal clear connections with Europe’s elite as they sought an exclusivity that would set them apart as a social group in a turbulent world.     

毒品滥用行为网络防控体系的多维建构

毒品滥用行为的网络化为其防控带来了新的命题,传统的防控体系愈发难以适应网络空间的特性,亟需根据空间要素、主体要素、对象要素的新变化构建科学的网络防控体系。在模式维度,应推动刑事政策由"重刑治毒"转向"打早打小",推动法律体系分纵向、横向两个角度实现网络化。在主体维度,应肯定网络服务提供者的独立地位,使其与毒品滥用者、毒品贩卖者、主管部门在毒品滥用行为网络防控中产生有效互动。在客体维度,应当构建毒品与毒品信息并行的二元对象模式,并且推动对象防控的信息化。     

大数据疫情预警机制:价值分析、现实困境与实践路径

目前,我国正处于推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的实践探索阶段。以疫情防控为视角探讨与大数据疫情预警机制相关的问题,对于提升政府应急管理能力极具紧迫性和现实性。本文在对大数据疫情预警机制价值分析的基础上,根据数据获取渠道的不同,将现阶段大数据疫情预警机制概括为三大类:即基于网络通讯及搜索引擎的预警机制、基于电子医疗信息的预警机制和基于物联网信息采集的预警机制。针对大数据疫情预警机制面临的现实困境,提出相应的建议,以期为我国公共卫生应急管理体系的完善提供参考。     

Averted targeted school killings from 1900-2016

Mass shootings, particularly those that occur on school grounds, often generate intense political debate. Following the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglass High School, questions arose on how to prevent these tragedies. Typically, the response generated from these questions revolves around mental illness, bullying prevention, and gun control. Unfortunately, the views on these topics, especially gun control, are often rooted in a strong belief system which is unwavering. Resultantly, the debate on how to avert these incidents often stops at the debate phase. This study sought to better understand how these events can be prevented by examining targeted school killings from 1900–2016 in which the suspect was stopped before the attack. The analysis revealed that the majority of attacks were prevented by other students reporting the threat of an impending attack to school and law enforcement authorities.     

秦及汉初逃亡犯罪的刑罚适用和处理程序

秦及汉初律令对逃亡犯罪的规定繁复而成体系。逃亡大体可分为一般逃亡和犯罪后逃亡二类。在刑罚适用上,一般逃亡的刑罚因逃亡者身份不同而各异,犯罪逃亡的刑罚是以本罪刑罚为基础,叠加亡罪刑罚后加以确定。在处理程序上,吏、民的一般逃亡不导致审判和追缉程序,刑徒或特别身份人逃亡的,区分亡罪刑罚轻重,分别适用审判并通缉的“论,命之”程序和审判并命令其出现、领受刑罚的“论,令出、会之”程序。犯罪逃亡的,以本罪刑罚为基准,分别适用“论,命之”和“论,令出、会之”程序,后一程序中未按规定领受刑罚的,以刑罚已执行时逃亡来论断其刑。在不同类型逃亡犯罪及司法程序的不同阶段自出的,有处以笞刑、本罪之刑减一等或本罪之刑叠加亡罪之刑后总减一等等不同减刑效果。     

Prevention From Afar: Gendering Resilience and Sustaining Hope in Post-UNMIL Liberia

ABSTRACT

This article argues that resilience programmes in conflict-affected areas of limited statehood could be understood as much as an effort to equip vulnerable populations with tools to mitigate the effects of poverty, discrimination, lack of opportunities and manage gender inequalities than as an opportunity for the international community to prolong their interventions, consolidate local partnerships and sustain hope. We demonstrate our argument through an examination of the implementation in post-UNMIL Liberia of the ‘Spotlight Initiative’, a new multi-year multi-million programme of the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) focused on the complete elimination of harmful practices and violence against women.     

少一些法律，多一些秩序——中西方犯罪预防策略的考察与批评

考察西方犯罪预防策略的变迁，可以发现法律和刑罚在预防策略中具有十分重要的位置。但是20世纪80年代以来，另一种预防思维已经产生，这就是针对犯罪诱因的多机构协作模式，其特点是强调社会政策而非刑罚，强调非法律方法而非法律方法，强调社会秩序而非犯罪控制。考察西方犯罪预防策略的优缺点，可为我国犯罪预防策略提供借鉴。