Decentralization in Tanzania: An assessment of local government discretion and accountability

A large part of the decentralization literature is fragmented along political, fiscal, or administrative lines. In this article we employ a diagnostic framework to draw these dimensions together in a coherent manner to focus on analyzing local government discretion and accountability in Tanzania. Tanzania seems to have a deconcentrated local government system with central appointees having large powers at the local level. Centrally‐funded mandates—such as constructing secondary schools—dominate local government plans and budgets. Central control over administrative functions has ensured that administrative decentralization is yet to occur. In the fiscal sphere, progress has been made in transparency and harmonization of transfers in the last 5 years but local governments still have some way to go in raising own revenues, being less reliant on transfers, and ensuring downward accountability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preinvestment Negotiation Characteristics and Dismissal in Venture Capital-Backed Firms

In this study, we investigated idiosyncratic preinvestment process characteristics that influence the dismissal of management team members of venture capital-backed firms in the postinvestment phase by analyzing sixty-three portfolio firms. We considered two salient perspectives within the literature on governance of interfirm relationships: contractual and relational governance, which are related to positional and collaborative negotiation styles. Our findings indicate that positional bargaining in the preinvestment phase may be a reliable indicator that there is a greater risk that new venture team members will be dismissed when things get tough in the post-investment period.     

试论大学生社会实践活动的教育功能

大学生社会实践活动可以促使大学生与社会进行有机的沟通和融合,缩短大学生的社会化进程,强化对专业理论知识的重要性的认识,有助于学生树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观,促进大学生素质的全面发展.     

Improving democratic governance through institutional design: Civic participation and democratic ownership in Europe

In this article we provide a conceptual and argumentative framework for studying how institutional design can enhance civic participation and ultimately increase citizens' sense of democratic ownership of governmental processes. First, we set out the socio-political context for enhancing the democratic governance of regulatory policies in Europe, and highlight the way in which civic participation and democratic ownership is given equal weight to economic competitiveness. We then discuss the potential for institutionalized participatory governance to develop and its prospects for improving effective and democratic governance in the multi-layered European polity. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for the field and identifying the priorities for scholars working interactively with civil society and governments.     

论家庭思想政治教育环境

在家庭、学校、社会三位一体的思想政治教育环境中,家庭思想政治教育环境对人的思想政治品德的影响最直接、最具体、最深刻、最持久。在研究思想政治教育的环境系统中,对家庭与家庭思想政治教育环境及其构成要素的研究和家庭思想政治教育环境的创造显得尤为重要。通过研究和创造,改善我国的家庭思想政治教育环境,以促进整体思想政治教育的推进和发展。     

中国共产党实现可持续执政的根本法宝——浅议践行为人民服务的宗旨观

中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队,同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队。践行为人民服务宗旨是中国共产党的性质使然,也是中国共产党获得国家政权、巩固执政地位、实现可持续执政的重要法宝。毛泽东提出为人民服务,把建立新政权解放人民使人民站起来作为最高追求;邓小平提出让一部分人先富起来,把创造人民群众新生活作为巩固执政地位新要求;江泽民提出兼顾新兴社会阶层利益,赋予新时期"人民"新内容;胡锦涛强调正确权力观,揭示执政条件下"服务"新内涵。     

回应性治理：公共行政的第三种类型

本文分析了传统公共行政、新公共管理的产生背景、内容和特点后,认为公共行政的第三种模式——回应性治理,是一种更适合现代社会的治理形式,从新公共管理走向回应性治理更适用于现代国家。     

建设“一个主导点，多中心秩序”的社区防控体系

建立社区犯罪防控体系是建立和谐社会下的一个重要的新课题。社区犯罪防控体系的正确定位具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。要使该体系更有效地运行，运用多中心治理等相关原理构建“一个主导点，多中心秩序”的模式，既是对理论模式上的探讨，也是对当前实践工作的总结与分析。     

申本背景下的教育信息化建设

教育信息化是高等教育现代化的需要，是深化教学改革、培养新型人才的需要，是提高学校管理水平的需要，教育信息化发展逐渐由量的扩张走向质的提高。高校在本科申办工作中要重视教育信息化建设，发挥职能部门的作用，全校齐心，从校园网基础设施建设和应用系统建设入手，注重媒体资源的建设和应用，注重网络课件和多媒体技术在教学中的应用，服务教学科研，整体提升办学水平。     

The logic of China country ＂tax-for-fee reform＂ in politics and governance perspective

This article exercises theoretical analysis tax-for-fee reform in politics and governance perspective method and attempts to understand the logic of country in China. The article considers that it presents two kinds of very differences phenomena in politics and governance angle of view on China country ＂tax-for-fee reform＂. The reform has basically improved state-peasant tension relationship and enhanced political validity in political angle of view. But absenting on method and shrinking on resources of governance, town-village organization reduced supplies on public service and public goods, new governance crisis formed. If politics and governance deviate for a long time, political validity has the possibility to glide away because of new governance crisis.