国企公司化改制的关键:有效的公司治理

多数国有大中型企业实行公司化改制后 ,经营状况依然不佳 ,其直接原因在于公司的治理存在严重的问题和缺陷。现代公司虽然不可避免地出现代理问题 ,但规范的公司治理结构能有效缓解代理问题 ,使得现代公司制企业表现出强大的生命力。而国有企业的产权残缺性使公司治理结构中的直接监督和间接监督等有效的缓解代理问题的手段不能得到充分发挥。因此只有通过股权结构的分散化调整 ,使国有股不占控股地位 ,从而弱化国有产权代表在公司治理活动中的作用。与此同时 ,这也能充分发挥非国有股权所有者的积极作用。只有这样 ,国有企业公司化改制才能建立有效的公司治理结构 ,提高国有企业的运行效率     

An Economic Analysis of the American and the Continental Rule for Allocating Legal Costs

A well-known conclusion from the standard model of litigation is that a transition from the American to the Continental rule for the allocation of legal costs will lead to an increase in the number of trials. The standard model, however, neglects the fact that the rule for allocating legal costs may also influence whether or not a potential injurer engages in a harmful activity. When this choice is endogenized, the conclusion derived from the standard model does not appear to be generally valid. A transition from the American to the Continental rule may lead to a decrease in the number of trials. Furthermore, the transition may result in an improvement in efficiency.     

自然保护地立法的体系化:问题识别、逻辑建构和实现路径

建立中国特色国家公园体制以及以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系是中共十八届三中全会提出的重点改革任务,而推进自然保护地立法体系化是2019年《关于建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的指导意见》中的明确要求。自然保护地作为国家履行环境保护义务而运用区划工具进行管理的一种公物,其体系化建设是实现改革目标的要求。立法的体系化不仅是达到保护目标的现实需求,而且也是法律体系化在自然保护地领域的有效延伸。自然保护地立法的体系化包括形式意义的体系化(即结构的体系化)和实质意义的体系化(即功能的体系化)。结构的体系化是指通过立改废释等方式,构建全面完整的自然保护地立法框架;功能的体系化是指将各项法律功能分配给相应的法律法规,该功能的实现需要在自然保护地内部法律法规之间进行合理配置,也需要与外部相关法律之间形成有效衔接。唯此,自然保护地立法的体系化才能推动以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系和中国特色国家公园体制的建成。     

论中央与地方金融监管权配置之优化——以地方性影子银行的监管为视角

近年来,我国各类地方性影子银行的涌现及其引发的诸多地方金融风险事件,使完全依赖中央政府一己之力的垂直监管模式弊端凸现,地方金融监管的补充作用越发明显。长期以来,我国较关注金融监管权在中央部门间的横向配置,对其在中央与地方之间的纵向配置几无触及,导致地方金融监管权的实现只能端赖中央金融监管机构“一事一议”的规章、规范性文件乃至政策的授权方式,缺乏应有的正当性。地方金融办也因此“名不正、言不顺”,普遍存在职能错位、监管权被随意干预和监管资源配备不足等困境。是故,国家应尽早通过更高位阶的立法对“央地”金融监管权的配置加以优化,包括明晰“央地”金融监管边界,一揽子授予地方完整的金融监管权,设置相应的外部监督问责制度,并建立起以国家金融稳定发展委员会为主导的纵向金融监管协调机制,使两者形成监管合力,依法共治。     

A new look at equity and outcomes as determinants of satisfaction in close personal relationships

This research reexamined the previously established relation between allocation of resources and satisfaction in close relationships. Using self-report data from two different samples, undergraduate students and married couples, we replicated and extended the procedure employed in past studies to assess the relative strength of equity, equality, and own outcomes as predictors of relationship satisfaction. As expected the two samples differed in the relative strength of the correlates of satisfaction. The married couples revealed different predictors of satisfaction depending upon which of two forms their relationship had taken. Those who reported being in an identity (communal) relationship were most satisfied when they provided high inputs to enhance their partner's outcomes, whereas those in an exchange relation were more responsive to the outcomes they received. The dating students, whether they reported being in an identity or exchange relation, were most satisfied when their own outcomes were maximized. The results also suggested methodological limitations in the earlier studies that had compared the relative association with satisfaction of an unreliable measure of equity with minimal variance and a highly reliable measure of outcomes with considerably greater variance. The previously established strong association between the person's satisfaction and their own outcomes in a close relationship was found to be dependent upon the nature of the sample and the relative reliability of the correlates employed in the regression analyses.     

谈新制度经济学在警力资源合理配制中的运用

由于历史和现实的原因,我国警力资源的配置还存在诸多不合理之处,主要表现为警力资源的稀缺和浪费并存,警力资源分配的机构层级失调以及警力资源流动的机制不畅等问题。新时期公安工作形势迫切需要我们进行合理的警力资源配置,以更好地维护社会治安。新制度经济学不仅为公安机关制度创新提供了一种理论范式,而且为其制度改革实践提供了可借鉴的经验。合理配置警力资源,不仅要通过正式约束诸如精简机构、制定职位说明书和竞聘上岗方面的建设,还要通过非正式约束和实施机制的完善来实现。     

民生性事权分配的经济法解析

民生性事权是指政府从事民生性事务的职权和职责，而民生性事权的分配则是指民生性事权在中央政府和地方政府之间以及同一级政府的不同职能部门之间的划分和配置。通过考察民生性事权在中央和地方之间分配失衡的实际情况，可以确立其在中央和地方合理分配的原则，进而进行规范上的构造。基本公共服务的事权应当尽可能由较高层级的政府承担，或者有能够与之匹配的地方财力支应，而非基本公共服务的事权则可以由较低层级的政府承担。     

论反垄断法执法主体的设置——从执法权分配角度分析

市场经济的核心在于维护一个公平有效的竞争机制。而反垄断法因其在保护、促进竞争和维护市场秩序方面起着基础和统领作用．被誉为“经济宪法”。徒法不足以自行，光有一部精良先进的法律条文是不够的，还得通过法的实施．方能实现法的效果。在法律实施机构之间划分执法权．是法律实施体制中其他制度运行的前提，对于法律的有效实施有着重要的意义。本文主要从执法权划分角度探讨反垄断法实施体制中执法主体的设置，以及执法机构与行业监管机构在反垄断监管领域内的关系，通过比较国外的法律规定及实践，并对我国实施不久的《反垄断法》进行评述．综合分析中国现有反垄断执法主体执法权分配中存在的问题，进而提出完善我国现有反垄断执法主体体制的建议一     

The family strategies concept: An evaluation of four empirical case studies

In this article, the preceding case studies are evaluated from the perspective of the family strategies concept. The studies have yielded new insights in the relationship between the family and the labor market and in the labor allocation within families. In addition, they have shown the tensions between individual life plans and collective needs. It has been difficult, however, to reach firm conclusions about which strategies were deployed by families. One of the problems is that the motives of the family members remain hidden. In addition, our databases need to be more finely tuned to the strategies concept. In particular, we know too little on the range of (strategic) options of families in the past.