人力资源开发与西部地区创新驱动发展

人力资源开发与创新驱动发展有着密不可分的内在联系。现阶段西部地区实施创新驱动发展战略,既有难得的历史机遇,又有重要的制约因素和挑战。面对时代要求和现存的制约因素,西部地区应以党的十八大精神为指导,从实际出发,实施相应的人力资源开发与配置对策。     

A Tangled Web: Complexity and Inequality in the English Local Government Finance Settlement

The £29 billion formula grant stands at the heart of the English local government finance system. This transfer of resource from central to local government has, since 2006–07, been distributed using the so-called ‘four block model’. This extraordinarily complex formula-based funding mechanism aims to ensure that all local authorities are able to provide individuals with a broadly comparable level of public service – offering greatest support to local authorities with high service needs and/or low capacity to raise revenue. This paper outlines the structure and workings of the four block model and, drawing attention to key methodological shortcomings, explains why the resulting distribution of the formula grant is both arbitrary and inequitable. In particular it argues that key model parameters – specifically the need and resource equalisation proportions – are set in order to fulfil a particular funding outcome. This flies in the face of the basic tenets of resource allocation methodology in that, being outcome-led, the approach is clearly neither need-based nor impartial. The paper argues that the four block model fails to meet its own goal of fiscal equalisation, is likely to lead to increasing service disparities, and must be replaced as a matter of urgency.     

WTO争端解决机制的证明责任分配规则研究

GATT时期,专家组曾明确指出,＂援引例外的缔约方应对其满足例外所有条件承担证明责任＂,另外从一些专家组报告中还可以推断出＂申诉方对被诉方违反GATT的事实负证明责任＂。WTO成立后,＂申诉方承担被诉方违反WTO规则的证明责任＂以及＂被诉方对例外或者肯定性抗辩负证明责任＂成为专家组和上诉机构分配证明责任的一般规则。但是＂申诉方承担被诉方违反WTO规则的证明责任＂有可能被滥用,例外条款的辨别也存在难度。＂主张事实的一方应提供证明＂以及＂当事方应合作提供证据＂作为证明责任分配的特殊规则,可以在一定程度上解决上述一般规则的问题。     

破解大学生就业困境的“二位一体”路径

市场配置和政府调控是人力资源配置的两种基本形式.面对市场配置的缺陷以及政府在大学生就业中所应承担的职责,只有将市场配置与政府调控相结合,使二者形成合力,才能有效解决大学生就业难的问题.     

Accuracy of Identifying Juvenile/Adult Status from Third Molar Development using Prediction Probabilities Derived from Logistic Regression Analysis

The use of third molars in predicting juvenile/adult status (</≥ 18 years) has important legal ramifications. Third molar development was assessed using Köhler's grading on 268 orthopantomograms of Indian subjects. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine allocation accuracy of juvenile/adult status and the level of probability that is “reliable” in predicting juvenile/adult status. Allocation accuracies ranged between 75.8% and 78.2% for the sexes combined, with minimal male‐female differences. Adults were categorized more accurately than juveniles, suggesting that Köhler's grading puts Indian juveniles at greater risk of unwarranted punishment. In both sexes, juvenile/adult status was “reliably” predicted when the probability was >80% using individual third molars (excepting the lower right third molar in males); combining upper and lower third molars on the left/right sides, “reliable” predictions were possible when the probability was >80% and >90% for females and males, respectively. Overall, “reliable” juvenile/adult status prediction was achieved in c. 36% of subjects.     

论检察权的性质及分配机制

检察权的性质与分配机制一直是我国检察制度研究中比较热门的话题。检察权的性质是检察权分配中的重要内容,我国的检察权性质在宪法中定性为法律监督权,但是检察权更多的是一种带有行政权性质的司法权。我国的检察权制度受到列宁的法律监督理论、分权制衡理论以及我国检警相对分离的影响,形成了具有中国特色的检察权分配现状。现阶段我国的检察权存在行政性比较明显、法律监督权的定位是否准确等一系列问题。检察权的未来改革应当对检察权进行去行政化,并且应当削弱检察权的法律监督权的属性,将监督权的权能回归人民代表大会,净化检察权的司法权性质。     

河南创新驱动发展面临的问题与对策

目前我省经济社会发展中创新能力显著增强,但仍然存在不少突出问题,还不适应支撑全省经济社会又好又快发展的要求。全面建设中原经济区、加快中原崛起和河南振兴,必须通过继续深化改革,破除制约创新驱动的障碍,建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合,政府引导与市场配置资源相结合的创新驱动机制,突破阻碍技术进步和创新的制度瓶颈,优化科技资源配置,调动科技工作者、企业和全社会的创新积极性。     

行政权力合理配置视域下政府与社会之和谐互动

该文指出,行政权力的配置是指行政权力在不同行为主体之间的调配,行政权力的配置与行政授权不同,行政权力的配置包含＂下放＂和＂外放＂双重含义。处理好政府与社会之间的关系是合理配置行政权力的应有之意,政府与社会之间的和谐互动又会推动行政权力的合理配置。     

Portfolio Allocation and Policy Compromises: How and Why the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats Formed a Coalition Government

The question of ‘who gets what?’ is one of the most interesting issues in coalition politics. Research on portfolio allocation has thus far produced some clear‐cut empirical findings: coalition parties receive ministerial posts in close proportion to the number of parliamentary seats they win. This article poses two simple questions: Why did the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats agree to form a coalition government and, secondly, did the process of portfolio allocation in the United Kingdom in 2010 reflect standard patterns of cabinet composition in modern democracies? In order to answer these questions, a content analysis of election manifestos is applied in this article in order to estimate the policy positions of the parties represented in the House of Commons. The results show that a coalition between the Tories and Lib Dems was indeed the optimal solution in the British coalition game in 2010. When applying the portfolio allocation model, it turns out that the Conservatives fulfilled the criteria of a ‘strong party’, implying that the Tories occupied the key position in the coalition game. On account of this pivotal role, they were ultimately able to capture the most important ministries in the new coalition government.     

检察权配置基本问题研究

检察权需要进一步优化配置源于其宪法与宪政地位的张力。检察权优化配置是指立法机关在一国宪政框架内,按照一定的立法程序,根据传统文化及社会公众领域内生的主观法权诉求,授权检察机关行使特定职权和职责的规范性活动。优化检察权配置的基本目标是为了更好地实现人民代表大会制度下的权力制约与监督,其终极目标是为了保障人权。优化检察权配置必须坚持合宪性、权力制约与监督、遵循司法规律、检察一体化、权力结构完整、权责统一以及法律保留等基本原则。