浅析现阶段西部民族地区经济发展中的问题及对策

现阶段西部民族地区经济发展出现了许多问题和难题,但归纳起来不外乎"人"和"财"的问题,所以,扫除西部民族地区经济发展的阻力和障碍,必须解决好人的思想、人的知识结构和人的素质问题;解决好资金的调配、筹措及引资等问题.处理好了这两个大问题,西部民族地区经济的发展便有了"软"、"硬"件的保障和基础.     

Incorporating Equity into International Water Agreements

River basins have provided resources for the advancement of human civilization from the earliest historic times. With river basin development has also come conflict, particularly in the past century. In response, the international community has developed generalized, global principles for the equitable allocation of water resources between nation-states, most notably through the 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses. These principles, however, have rarely been explicitly put into practice. To resolve or avert conflict in the world's 261 international river basins, riparian nations have instead relied upon treaties that incorporate basin-specific needs and conditions and define equity at the most local level. An examination of the progression of geographic thought on river basin development reveals a spatial focus that has not evolved beyond the basin and landscape scales. The absence of theoretical underpinnings for global frameworks may explain why riparian nations have not widely adopted general principles for the equitable allocation of water resources in actual treaty practice.     

美国合同法中的精神损害赔偿探析

传统的英美合同法理论认为,侵权责任中的精神损害赔偿不能扩展到违约责任中。然而,随着经济的发展,为了更好地保护受害方的利益,美国法学界和法院在一定程度上打破了这一传统原则,允许受害方在某些情况下可以要求违约中的精神损害赔偿,如：合同具有个人因素,合同条款无法为受害方提供适当金钱赔偿,违约方在订约时已经或应该预见到其违约行为将导致的精神损害等。笔者在对此进行仔细研究的基础上,对我国在这方面的立法提出了建议。     

论现场勘查人力资源的优化配置

刑事案件现场勘查是侦查破案的首要环节,是一项时间紧、任务重、头绪繁多,专业性强的侦查活动。如何正确有效地利用现场勘查资源,则是快速、高效地进行现场勘查的一个重要保证。本文从现场勘查资源的涵义入手,着重论述人力资源分配方面存在的问题,进而对完善我国现场勘查人力资源的优化配置提出建议。     

The distribution of individual cabinet positions in coalition governments: A sequential approach

Multiparty government in parliamentary democracies entails bargaining over the payoffs of government participation, in particular the allocation of cabinet positions. While most of the literature deals with the numerical distribution of cabinet seats among government parties, this article explores the distribution of individual portfolios. It argues that coalition negotiations are sequential choice processes that begin with the allocation of those portfolios most important to the bargaining parties. This induces conditionality in the bargaining process as choices of individual cabinet positions are not independent of each other. Linking this sequential logic with party preferences for individual cabinet positions, the authors of the article study the allocation of individual portfolios for 146 coalition governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe. The results suggest that a sequential logic in the bargaining process results in better predictions than assuming mutual independence in the distribution of individual portfolios.     

效率违约理论研究

效率违约理论是契约法经济分析的重要方面。效率违约理论的成立需要损害赔偿与实际履行等价以及违约人知悉被违约人的成本为条件。事实上,这些条件在现实生活和法律体系内无法实现。期望损害赔偿从来不能完全弥补被违约人的损失,契约法也不能在任何情况下将损害赔偿作为通常救济方式。更为关键的是,效率违约理论从性质上看是行为结果论的,它没有考虑到契约背后的允诺所承载的道德、团结、合作、鼓励专用投资以及动态效率等多元价值。因此,我国的契约法没有必要引入效率违约理论和制度。     

财务管理中税收筹划的理论探讨

财务管理作为企业管理的子系统,在实际运作中需要考虑多种因素,随着研究的深入,税收筹划对于纳税人的意义和作用越来越重要。税收筹划在财务管理中的应用主要表现在融资过程、投资过程、经营过程和收益分配过程中。     

“三队一室”运作模式的警务价值评析

公安派出所工作是公安基层基础建设中最重要的一环。派出所“三队一室”警务模式改革,着力解决长期困扰基层派出所工作运行中的警力难以下沉、机构设置不合理、职能分配不明确、勤务效率不高、防范不到位、打击不及时等突出问题,保证了基层基础工作在“大防范”中基础性、先导性的战略地位,有利于实现统一、高效、完整的现代警务运行机制。     

Individual and collective justice and injustice: Implications for intergroup conflict

This paper focuses on the combined impact of individual and collective justice and injustice on intergroup conflict. The basic premise is that an adequate understanding of the course of intergroup relations requires knowledge not only about relevant conditions on the intergroup level, but also about the intragroup conditions that might predispose each group to assume a particular type of social orientation. It is assumed that an individual is more dissatisfied when both s/he and her/his group are unjustly treated than when only either one is. The consequences of different combinations of justice and injustice for the individual and his/her group are specified for the intensity of conflict between two groups. Sixteen intergroup scenarios are first derived and rank-ordered, via three assumptions, in terms of how aversive they are likely to be from the perspective of one of two interacting groups. The viewpoints of both groups are then taken into account in an attempt to make predictions about the potential for and intensity of intergroup conflict.