A Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid-based Method for Complete Recovery of DNA from Bone

The successful extraction of DNA from historical or ancient animal bone is important for the analysis of discriminating genetic markers. Methods used currently rely on the digestion of bone with EDTA and proteinase K, followed by purification with phenol/chloroform and silica bed binding. We have developed a simple concentrated hydrochloric acid-based method that precludes the use of phenol/chloroform purification and can lead to a several-fold increase in DNA yield when compared to other commonly used methods. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was shown to dissolve most of the undigested bone and allowed the efficient recovery of DNA fragments <100 bases in length. This method should prove useful for the recovery of DNAs from highly degraded animal bone, such as that found in historical or ancient samples.     

两种方法测定山豆根总碱含量的研究

目的：比较山豆根总碱两种含量测定方法，为山豆根提取工艺优选提供。方法：采用容量法和酸性染料比色法。结果：两种方法结果基本一致。结论：可任选一种方法进行山豆根提取工艺研究。     

大鼠心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白在早期心肌缺血时的含量变化

目的 观察心肌缺血后不同时间段心肌细胞胞浆内和血浆中的心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)含量变化。方法 按Selye法结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支复制心肌缺血模型,用免疫组织化学和酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)的方法,观察心肌缺血后不同时间H-FABP在心肌细胞和血浆中含量的变化规律。结果 心肌缺血15min时,缺血区心肌即可出现H-FABP缺失,随着缺血时间的延长,缺失的范围扩大,程度加重,与对照组相比差异有显著性;心肌缺血15min时,血浆H-FABP含量在心肌缺血15min时即明显升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异。随着缺血时间的延长,血浆含量逐渐上升,4h时达到高峰,以后逐渐下降。结论 心肌缺血后不同时间段心肌细胞胞浆内和血浆中的H-FABP含量变化呈现一定规律性,可望成为诊断早期心肌缺血所致的心源性猝死的敏感指标。     

家兔心肌自溶蛋白质降解与死亡时间的关系

本文对家兔心肌自溶时的蛋白质水解和氨基酸代谢进行了研究。心肌组织在37℃湿盒中自溶15～480min,用离子交换色谱法测定游离氨基酸以及组织氨含量。自溶时大多数组织游离氨基酸含量上升,丙氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸含量在自溶15min即有明显增加,而谷氨酸含量呈下降趋势,同时组织氨含量上升。结果提示:心肌自溶早期蛋白质降解加速。上述结果有助于死亡时间的推断。     

Inhibition of non-specific leukocyte esterase activity. Absence of monocyte esterase activity due to phosphoric and thiophosphoric acid ester intoxication

In vitro evaluation of the effect of five insecticidal phosphoric and 11 thiophosphoric acid esters on different, non-specific human leukocytes esterases indicated that most of the organic phosphor compounds studied inhibited the activity of neutral alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, alpha-naphthylbutyryl esterase, and naphthol AS acetate esterase, i.e. the monocyte esterases. The extent of inhibition was dose dependent; the inhibiting dose being identical for the various non-specific esterases. Reactivation with Obidoxim was not successful. Monocyte esterase activity in a human survivor of E 605 intoxication was detectable only after serum acetylcholinesterase had returned to normal levels. The organic phosphor compound studied, however, inhibited neither acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase nor naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase activity.     

薄层扫描法测定清热口服液中绿原酸的含量

目的：测定清热口服液中绿原酸的含量。方法：用薄层扫描法测定制剂中绿原酸的含量。结果：绿原酸在0～1．00μg范围内，线性关系良好（r=0．995），平均回收率为100．1％，RSD=2.99％。结论：所建立的方法稳定可靠，可作为该制剂质量控制的方法之一。     

The Effects of Environmental Exposure on the Optical,Physical, and Chemical Properties of Manufactured Fibers of Natural Origin

Manufactured fibers derived from natural origins include viscose rayon, azlon, and polylactic acid (PLA). A 2‐year study was conducted to document any changes these fibers undergo as a result of exposure to various environmental conditions. Fabric swatches representing each fiber type were exposed to freshwater, saltwater, heat, cold, ultraviolet light, or composter conditions. Fibers from the swatches were periodically analyzed using polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Fiber solubility and melting‐point behavior were measured every 6 months. Except for the complete degradation of viscose rayon in the composter, saltwater, and freshwater environs, no changes in the optical properties, infrared spectra, solubility, or melting points of the remaining fibers in any of the environments were observed. However, microscopic morphological changes were observed in fibers from two azlon swatches submerged in freshwater and saltwater, two PLA swatches exposed to ultraviolet light, and two viscose rayon swatches exposed to ultraviolet light.     

PowerPlex16 HS系统直接扩增法检测肋软骨

目的检验PowerPlex16HS直接扩增系统对软骨的有效性。方法采用PowerPlex16HS复合扩增系统对10例腐败尸体的肋软骨进行直接扩增检验。结果所检验肋软骨都获得了完整遗传图谱,检测成功率为100%。结论 PowerPlex16HS系统直接扩增法能够应用于肋软骨的DNA分型检验。     

Enhancement of Aged and Denatured Fingerprints Using the Cyanoacrylate Fuming Technique Following Dusting with Amino Acid‐Containing Powders

We have carried out experiments to investigate the aging of latent fingerprints deposited on black PVC over a period of 4–15 weeks. A thumbprint was used in each case and before deposition of the print the donor rubbed their thumb around their nose to add sebaceous deposits. We have studied the effect of heat, light, and moisture and we find that moisture is the most significant factor in the degradation of the latent print. We have attempted to enhance these latent prints by dusting with valine powder or powders composed of valine mixed with gold or red fluorescent commercial fingerprint powders. To make a direct comparison between “treated” and “untreated” prints, the prints were cut in half with one‐half being “treated” and one‐half not. Our studies show the best results being obtained when powders of valine and red fluorescent powders are applied prior to cyanoacrylate fuming.     

GABA Receptors,Alcohol Dependence and Criminal Behavior

The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between alcohol dependence and criminal behavior by an integrated genetic–environmental approach. The research, structured as a case–control study, examined 186 alcohol‐dependent males; group 1 (N = 47 convicted subjects) was compared with group 2 (N = 139 no previous criminal records). Genetic results were innovative, highlighting differences in genotype distribution (p = 0.0067) in group 1 for single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs 3780428, located in the intronic region of subunit 2 of the GABA B receptor gene (GABBR2). Some environmental factors (e.g., grade repetition) were associated with criminal behavior; others (e.g., attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous) were inversely related to convictions. The concomitant presence of the genetic and environmental factors found to be associated with the condition of alcohol‐dependent inmate showed a 4‐fold increase in the risk of antisocial behavior. The results need to be replicated on a larger population to develop new preventive and therapeutic proposals.