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811.
Nancy Thoennes 《Family Court Review》2009,47(1):21-37
After approximately 15 years of research on court-based dependency mediation programs, answers have emerged for many, but not all, of the questions that surround dependency mediation. This article explores what has been learned about court-based dependency mediation through research and what new and persisting questions remain. The article reviews empirical studies of child protection mediation. The topics considered include what we have learned about the organization and structure of mediation programs, what have we learned about settlement in mediation, and whether there are benefits to mediation beyond the mere fact that settlements are reached. 相似文献
812.
Criminological research has shown the relevance of examining offender–victim interaction and related factors to understand crime event outcomes. In sexual offenses against children, an obvious lack of knowledge exists regarding this issue. From a criminological perspective, we seek to improve our understanding of the offender–victim interaction in sexual offenses against children and, in particular, what factors might increase the risk of a more intrusive offense. We argue that modus operandi strategies play a central role in crime event outcomes and examine this hypothesis with data obtained from a semistructured interview conducted with offenders. As expected, modus operandi was found to have a strong effect on crime event outcomes, especially victim participation during sexual episodes. Victim effects also emerged from the analyses. Specifically, a strong interaction effect between age and gender of the victim was found for victim participation, which suggests that as the victim gets older, offenders are more likely to make their victim participate in sexual episodes when abusing a male victim but are less likely to do so when abusing a female victim. 相似文献
813.
Abstract: The Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ion source is a relatively new mass spectrometry technique that is seeing widespread use in chemical analyses world-wide. DART studies include such diverse topics as analysis of flavors and fragrances, melamine in contaminated dog food, differentiation of writing inks, characterization of solid counterfeit drugs, and as a detector for planar chromatography. Validation of this new technique for the rapid screening of forensic evidence for drugs of abuse, utilizing the DART source coupled to an accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer, was conducted. The study consisted of the determination of the lower limit of detection for the method, determination of selectivity and a comparison of this technique to established analytical protocols. Examples of DART spectra are included. The results of this study have allowed the Virginia Department of Forensic Science to incorporate this new technique into their analysis scheme for the screening of solid dosage forms of drugs of abuse. 相似文献
814.
This study compared two groups of child pornography offenders participating in a voluntary treatment program: men whose known
sexual offense history at the time of judicial sentencing involved the possession, receipt, or distribution of child abuse
images, but did not include any “hands-on” sexual abuse; and men convicted of similar offenses who had documented histories
of hands-on sexual offending against at least one child victim. The goal was to determine whether the former group of offenders
were “merely” collectors of child pornography at little risk for engaging in hands-on sexual offenses, or if they were contact
sex offenders whose criminal sexual behavior involving children, with the exception of Internet crimes, went undetected. Our
findings show that the Internet offenders in our sample were significantly more likely than not to have sexually abused a
child via a hands-on act. They also indicate that the offenders who abused children were likely to have offended against multiple
victims, and that the incidence of “crossover” by gender and age is high.
相似文献
Michael L. BourkeEmail: |
815.
Maureen Outlaw 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(4):263-272
Although research into intimate partner abuse has expanded throughout the past several decades and increased our understanding
of this multi-faceted phenomenon, the vast majority of empirical work is still focused almost exclusively on physical violence—against
women in particular. Although a crucial issue in our society, physical violence against women is only one facet in an array
of possible abusive behaviors toward an intimate partner. Researchers have long acknowledged the existence of multiple forms
of non-physical abuse. These types of abuse have received little research attention, however, and are commonly lumped together
simply as “non-physical” or “emotional” abuse. There is no reason to believe, however, that all forms of non-physical abuse
are the same, whether in intensity, frequency, or co-existence with physical violence. The current study attempts to disentangle
the multiple types of nonviolent abuse to examine prevalence, differences by sex, and its relationships to physical abuse.
Using Tjaden and Thoennes’ (1998) survey data, this study examines the prevalence of different types of non-physical abuse, both in the general population
and among those experiencing physical violence Findings indicate that non-physical partner abuse is more common than physical
and that non-physical abuse does not show striking sex differences, as is commonly believed. There is strong evidence that
some types of non-physical abuse serve as clear risk factors for physical abuse and may increase risk of more frequent violence
among those already being abused. These relationships do not, however, differ by sex. Implications for future research are
discussed.
相似文献
Maureen OutlawEmail: |
816.
Samara McPhedran 《Journal of family violence》2009,24(1):41-52
Animal abuse and family violence appear to be “linked” and tend to co-occur in the same households. Companion animals are
often regarded as family members, if not by the abuser, then by others within the family. Consequently, in families where
any given form of violence exists, animal abuse is also more likely to exist. This paper examines animal abuse in the context
of abusive home environments, and the relationship between an abusive home in childhood and the range of behavioral problems
that may extend into adulthood. Existing investigations are reviewed with reference to prevalence, epidemiology, and child
development theory. It appears that holistic interventions to counter abusive home environments may represent the most effective
way to break the association between animal cruelty and interpersonal violence, by addressing the shared situational characteristics
common to a range of violent behaviors.
相似文献
Samara McPhedranEmail: |
817.
Drawing on Connell’s (Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. California: Stanford University Press, 1987; Masculinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995) model of gender relations, this paper examines patterns of intimate partner violence among women who have recently left
an abusive partner. In so doing, we attempt to better understand the social structural factors that shape the relations of
power and control in intimate violent heterosexual unions. The data come from the first wave of a longitudinal prospective
survey of 309 women who had left an abusive partner in the previous 3 years. Our data suggest that structured relations of
inequality, namely relations of production, power and cathexis, shape women’s risk of abuse and harassment after leaving,
and do so in ways that shape relations of coercive control. These results have implications for understanding the social context
within which male violence against women occurs, and how this context constrains and/or enables women’s strategies for leaving
and safety.
This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Emerging Team Grant #106054 and Institute
of Gender and Health Operating Grant #15156 (Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Principal Investigator). The authors thank the participants
in the Women’s Health Effects Study. We also thank Julie McMullin, Kim Shuey, and the Health Effects research team for their
helpful feedback. 相似文献
818.
819.
Childhood Sexual Abuse,Other Childhood Factors,and Pathways to Survivors’ Adult Relationship Quality
We were interested in understanding how the effects of childhood sexual abuse, in concert with other negative childhood experiences,
were carried forward into adult romantic relationships. Data from 15,831 married or cohabitating individuals were gathered
via the RELATE Questionnaire. Empirical research, attachment theory, and a general model of adult relationship quality suggested
that the path from negative childhood events to adult relationship quality was mediated by a number of individual and relational
affect-laden variables. Results showed that childhood abuse and other family-of-origin variables work primarily through the
adult survivor’s perceptions of the events of his or her childhood. This “current impact” variable, along with the current
level of depression, work through an emotion-laden relationship variable—level of emotional flooding during couple conflict—to
influence the relationship quality outcome variable. Treatment implications are discussed. 相似文献
820.
The main reasons abused men do not seek social services include their strong endorsement of social/cultural values and avoidance
of gender role conflict. Through internet-based service connections, we did not find sources in Asia, Australia, or New Zealand
that advertised programs exclusively for male victims of domestic violence (DV). Nine social services in Hong Kong and Singapore
describe their work with men in DV situations, but the main focus is “men as perpetrators.” Targeting men as victims, 32 sources
in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom describe services designed especially for male DV victims. Findings demonstrate
that services for male victims must address such factors as secretiveness, cultural values, masculine identity, tolerance,
shame, and loss of face. 相似文献