大鼠死后肌肉电导率与腐败程度的关系

目的分析大鼠死后肌肉电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)、肉类食品腐败程度指标挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)与死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)的关系,探讨EC作为尸体肌肉腐败程度评价指标的可行性,为该法用于PMI推断奠定理论基础。方法健康SD大鼠颈椎脱臼处死后,保存在28℃环境中,于死后不同时间点提取大鼠后肢肌肉组织,用去离子水制成质量浓度为0.1 g/m L的肌肉浸渍液,并测量所得浸渍液的EC值和TVB-N含量。分析EC(x_1)与TVB-N(x_2)的相关性,建立二者关系的回归方程;分析两指标与PMI的相关性,并分别建立两指标与PMI(y)关系的回归方程。结果肌肉浸渍液EC、TVB-N随PMI的变化曲线走势基本相同;EC与TVB-N呈显著直线正相关,回归方程为x_2=0.14 x1-164.91(R~2=0.982);EC、TVB-N与PMI显著相关,回归方程分别为y=19.38 x_1~3-370.68 x_1~2+2 526.03 x1-717.06(R~2=0.994),y=2.56 x_2~3-48.39 x_2~2+330.60 x_2-255.04(R2=0.997)。结论大鼠死后肌肉EC与TVB-N变化趋势一致,可以作为反映尸体肌肉腐败程度的指标,为腐败尸体PMI推断的相关研究提供方法。     

Increased Hematocrit Due to Electrical‐Waveform Exposures in Splenectomized Sus scrofa,

In laboratory studies of the pig Sus scrofa, hematocrit has consistently increased after conducted‐electrical‐weapon (CEW) exposures, possibly due to contraction of the spleen. Splenectomized animals and intact sham control animals were exposed, each for 30 sec, to a benchtop‐produced electrical waveform of net charge levels similar to those of some CEWs. Changes in the blood were compared statistically. Hematocrit increased significantly in both splenectomized and sham animals. There were no significant main‐effect differences between values of hematocrit from the two groups. There were, however, significant interactive effects of time and splenectomy for hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin. After peak values were reached for these variables, values returned toward baseline levels more slowly in splenectomized animals. This may have been due to the lack of a spleen to sequester red blood cells (thereby resulting in more cells remaining in the general circulation), unlike sham animals with intact spleens.     

仿生物电刺激序贯循经按摩乳房经穴治疗产后乳腺炎临床观察

目的 观察仿生物电刺激序贯循经按摩乳房经穴治疗产后乳腺炎的临床疗效。方法 将64例产后早期乳腺炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组32例;对照组给予常规基础治疗和口服抗生素,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予仿生物电刺激序贯循经乳房经穴按摩,疗程均为7 d;分别记录两组患者治疗前及治疗后3、5、7 d疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、乳汁排泄评分、体温及肿块最大横截面面积变化、白细胞（white blood cell count,WBC）计数、中性粒细胞（neutrophil ,NEU）计数、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、白细胞介素-1（interleukin-1,IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平变化,并根据症状、体征及炎症反应指标评价临床疗效。结果 观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后观察组疼痛、乳汁排泄情况、体温、肿块最大横截面面积改善情况均优于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后WBC、NEU、CRP、IL-1、IL-6水平均显著降低（P＜0.05）;两组WBC、NEU比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后5、7 d观察组CRP水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后7 d观察组IL-1水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,治疗后5 d观察组IL-6水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 仿生物电刺激序贯循经乳房经穴按摩可以显著改善产妇乳腺炎疼痛程度,提高乳汁排出量,减轻机体炎症反应。     

低频电刺激联合针刺治疗神经重症昏迷合并吞咽障碍临床观察

目的 观察低频电刺激联合针刺疗法治疗神经重症昏迷合并吞咽障碍的疗效。方法 选取神经重症昏迷合并吞咽障碍患者63例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、低频组、联合组,每组21例。3组患者均给予常规吞咽训练,低频组在常规吞咽训练基础上给予低频电刺激治疗,联合组在低频组疗法基础上予以针刺治疗。观察3组临床疗效,采用标准吞咽功能评价量表（standardized swallowing assessment,SSA）、洼田饮水试验、吞咽障碍程度分级、吞咽时间参数［口腔运送时间(oral transit time,OTT)和舌骨运动时间（hyoid movement time,HMT）］和舌骨喉复合体活动度评价吞咽功能。结果 联合组患者临床疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）,但与低频组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者SSA评分、洼田饮水试验评分、OTT、HMT均显著降低（P＜0.05）,吞咽障碍程度、舌骨移动幅度、甲状软骨移动幅度均显著增加（P＜0.05）;联合组患者SSA评分、洼田饮水试验评分、OTT、HMT降低程度和吞咽障碍程度评分、舌骨移动幅度、甲状软骨移动幅度增加程度均显著大于对照组、低频组（P＜0.05）。结论 在常规吞咽训练和低频电刺激治疗的基础上联合应用针刺疗法,可有效改善神经重症昏迷合并吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,改善舌部肌肉运动,缩短吞咽时间,提高舌骨喉复合体活动度。     

浅析企业会计电算化系统的内部控制

会计电算化信息系统是一种会计与计算机处理相结合的新型技术。实施会计电算化系统内部控制的原则既要符合内部控制的既定目标,又要根据数据处理的特点选择和制定相应的策略,一是强化组织控制,明确职责权限;二是强化会计数据处理操作过程的控制,设计开发优秀的会计软件;三是强化会计电算化信息系统的开发控制,严格遵循软件开发程序。     

Analysis and discrimination of electrical tapes: part II. Backings

The backings of 90 black electrical tapes were analyzed to evaluate the chemical components of these films, the ability of individual techniques to discriminate samples, and the ability of the techniques combined to distinguish samples. The techniques utilized and their respective discrimination results were stereomicroscopy and physical measurements, to include observation of surface features of the backing, width, and thickness measurements (c. 64%); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using a microscope accessory (c. 83%); pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS; c. 81%); and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS; c. 87%). Ninety-four percent of the backings were discriminated through this combination of analytical methods. Finally, evaluating these results in conjunction with previously published data on the analysis of the adhesives from the same set of electrical tapes provided an overall discrimination of nearly 96%.     

Metallographic analysis and fire dynamics simulation for electrical fire scene reconstruction

This study demonstrated the use of metallographic analysis and NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) program to identify the cause of an actual electrical fire. A severely carbonized steel plate and a cable with a bead were found inside a damaged switchboard from the debris of a factory fire. By metallographic analysis, the copper spatter on the steel plate was found to imply a short circuit has occurred and that this was the probable ignition source of the fire was supported by the presence of a small amount of copper oxide and by the cavities with the tree-like grain microstructures in the bead. The heat estimated to have been released per unit area of the switchboard in question (approximately 236.29 MJ/m(2)) served as key input data for applying the FDS simulation of the blaze. The simulation indicated that thermal insulation polyethylene (PE) played an important role in the rapid fire spread.     

毛细管电泳高频电导法检测饮料中γ-羟基丁酸

目的建立饮料中γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）的毛细管电泳高频电导法检测分析方法。方法样品经稀释后直接进样,采用反向分离模式,以0.5mmol/LNa3PO4＋1.5mmol/LNa2HPO4＋0.1mmol/LCTAB为电泳分离缓冲介质,分离电压为16kV,进样时间为20s进行电泳分离及高频电导检测。结果该实验条件下,6.5min内可实现样品快速分析。GHB在10.0～150μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.990,检出限为3.0μg/mL（S/N=3）。选择的3种饮料样本不同添加浓度日间和日内RSD均小于6%,回收率均在95%以上。结论采用本文方法,样品处理简单,方法快速、灵敏,操作方便,可作为饮料中GHB的一种快速筛选法在相关检测中选用。     

Deaths associated with electric shock injuries in children and adults: A 10-year retrospective examination in Şanlıurfa,Southeast Turkey (2012–2022)

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry–exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low-voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high-voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace.     

情节记忆的独特性对ERP测谎研究的启发

犯罪事件相关脑电位（fERP）测试（又称ERP测谎）作为一项犯罪记忆检测技术,与记忆研究的发展密切相关。记忆研究表明：左前额叶的激活主要与语义记忆的提取有关,而右前额叶的激活主要与情节记忆的提取有关。脑电地形图（BEAM）作为fERP测试指标在实践中具有可行性。ERP成分与BEAM的综合分析将在一定程度上降低测试结果的假阳性率,可以提高测试的准确性。