Further notes on information,corruption, and optimal law enforcement

We consider two important notes on optimal law enforcement with corruption. First, we analyze the role of asymmetric information on the emergence of collusion between criminals and enforcers. Second, our paper proposes that the optimal criminal sanction for the underlying offense is not necessarily maximal. We achieve this result by coupling the criminal sanction for the underlying offense with a criminal sanction for corruption, both imposed on offenders. A higher criminal sanction for the underlying offense implies that the government must spend more resources to detect and punish corruption (since the likelihood of collusion increases). Thus, the government could reduce this sanction, save on detection, and increase the criminal sanction for corruption (in order to offset the negative effect on deterrence). We are grateful to Mitch Polinsky and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimers apply.     

对利用网络进行诈骗犯罪的侦查取证问题研究

近年来，伴随着网络普及程度的提高，网络诈骗犯罪亦日趋严重。网络的开放性、不确定性、虚拟性等特点使网络诈骗犯罪的证据更加复杂多变、网络诈骗犯罪的取证更加困难。面对诸多严峻的取证难的现状，在分析其原因后有针对性地提出一些解决网络诈骗犯罪取证难的办法和建议，以期突破网络诈骗案件取证的难题，从而有效地遏制网络诈骗犯罪。     

“国家秘密”理念与“合法伤害权”消解

国家秘密界定的模糊性易导致公众知政权的“合法伤害”，调整“国家秘密”理念有助于“合法伤害权”的消解。理性设立国家保密事项的合理界限应该确立两项基本原则：以信息的公开是否存在“明显而即刻的危险或损害”作为秘密事项判断的标准，且危险或损害的“明显”而“即刻”性预测是合理的；基于前一原则强调公民权利的满足而非政府权力的到位，对于不明显符合上述原则的那些信息，应以公开而非保密为优先考虑。     

联合国维和人员性犯罪的刑事管辖障碍与改进建议

联合国维和人员性犯罪问题严重侵犯东道国受害者的人权并使联合国声誉受到重创。各管辖主体在对犯罪嫌疑人实际行使刑事管辖权时,存在诸多障碍:维和人员在东道国享有豁免;各国刑法在域外适用上的规定不同和派遣国主观上不愿对本国维和人员性犯罪行使管辖权;维和人员性犯罪难以被认定构成国际罪行;混合法庭须经东道国同意才能成立;维和人员性犯罪是否构成《罗马规约》中规定的国际罪行和受《罗马规约》约束的国家有限。改进建议包括:多方管辖权相互补充;成立对性剥削和性虐待作出快速反应的小组;起草《联合国官员和特派专家刑事责任公约草案》;联合国在东道国设立混合法庭;派遣国在东道国进行实地军事审判等。     

Information Asymmetry and the Financial Consumer Protection Policy

As complex structure of financial products severely limits consumers' understanding and causes an information asymmetry, the need to protect financial consumers has been a target of heated debates. This study designs a game theory-based model and presents that the reason behind an inadequate advisory service by financial institutions is a combination of consumers' poor financial literacy and sellers' abuse of such weakness to pursue their own profits. Our model shows that when there is information asymmetry on both product characteristics and investment preference of financial consumers, having competing companies that offer substitute products is not enough to ensure a proper advisory service. Two measures may be considered to address this issue. The first measure would be voluntary market efforts to strengthen financial consumer's literacy and self-regulatory mechanism. The second measure would be to step up administrative regulations on financial product sellers in both ex-ante and ex-post mechanisms.     

论检务公开视野下当事人知情权的保障及扩充--以刑事诉讼审查起诉阶段告知程序之规制为中心

在刑事诉讼过程中规范、完善、细化告知程序,进一步深化检务公开,使一切可向诉讼当事人公开的程序及实体信息得以传递并真切落实,有利于保障诉讼当事人充分行使其权利。目前,刑事诉讼审查起诉阶段对于告知程序的规定相对简单并存在一定缺陷,司法实践中未予告知、难以告知、迟滞告知和敷衍告知等现象较为普遍,影响了刑事诉讼活动的正常进行,因此,亟需对我国审查起诉阶段告知程序进行进一步规范和完善。     

The role of people in information-sharing: perceptions from an analytic unit of a regional fusion center

Information sharing research has largely focused on capturing operational practices related to the exchange of information. A noticeable shortcoming of this developing literature is the lack of scholarly attention focused specifically on analytic personnel. The present study employs semi-structured interviews with 23 personnel that comprise the analytic unit within a regional fusion center located in a large metropolitan area in the United States. Findings indicate that there is significant ambiguity surrounding the organizational and geographic audiences to which intelligence products should be tailored. Moreover, it appears information sharing is sparse and reliant upon personal relationships between analysts and external organizations. Lastly, analysts do not receive feedback pertaining to the content and effectiveness of intelligence products created. These findings may be generalized to other analytical organizations whose primary goal is to gather, analyze and disseminate intelligence. Action steps for policymakers are provided.     

电子期刊对资料室期刊采购工作的影响

本文分析了电子期刊这一新的文献类型所具有的特点及其对资料室期刊采购工作、期刊采购人员的影响,提出了做好两种期刊采购工作的一些对策建议。     

析数据电文的证据效力

本文阐述了数据电文的证据效力问题 ,分析了大陆法系、英美法系对上述问题的观点和实践 ,说明数据电文作为证据是可采纳的 ,提出应建立和完善我国的相关立法 ,使法律为电子商务的发展提供服务。     

刑事诉讼信息共建共享问题研究

对比司法信息化建设整体迅猛发展,刑事诉讼信息的共建共享明显滞后,公检法机关的信息化建设呈现信息孤岛现象。这造成司法资源的大量浪费,成为阻碍司法信息化发展的基础性难题。刑事诉讼信息互联互通协议是指公安、检察院、法院等办案机关就办案信息共享和传递问题达成共识。这种协议可以有效地打破刑事办案机关之间的数据壁垒,是推进刑事诉讼共建共享的现实路径。协议需要充分应对信息共建共享可能给以审判为中心的诉讼架构、卷宗移送模式、控辩平等关系、司法责任带来的负面效应,协调技术理性和司法规律的关系。同时,刑事诉讼信息共建共享在运行中需处理好以下具体问题：建议将政法委作为协议主责机关,制定长远的发展计划;进一步推动卷宗电子化;实行涉案财物统一管理;妥善解决信息保密问题。