论显失公平的构成要件

显失公平的实质是对合同效力的否定,体现了合同正义原则对合同自由原则的修正。显失公平的构成要件与交易的安全与判决的公正密切相关。以《德国民法典》、美国《统一商法典》、《国际商事合同通则》和《欧洲合同法原则》为代表的主流立法例及有关判例均采显失公平构成要件的二元说。由于我国法律规定的模糊性,权威学者在显失公平构成要件方面争议极大,两派学者势均力敌。比较法考察与法理分析表明,我国法中显失公平的构成要件应当包括主观要件和客观要件。     

权利失效理论探析

权利失效理论是大陆法系国家的一项重要的理论,德国、日本以及我国台湾地区已通过判例确立了这一制度。因此在我国确立权利失效制度是很有必要的,我国可先以司法解释的形式规定权利失效制度,待条件成熟后再将其归入民法典之中。     

当代中国马克思主义研究的内生逻辑与基本路径

时代和实践呼唤当代中国马克思主义的出场,针对当代中国马克思主义研究存在的诸多范式,需要从科学理论的维度、发展实践的维度、中国问题的维度以及研究主体的维度等方面正本清源、扶偏匡正。在此基础上,按照开拓研究的逻辑起点,明确研究的价值取向,判明研究的历史方位,设定研究的结构要素等内在逻辑,建构形态统一的当代中国马克思主义学理形态、大众形态、政治形态以及文化形态。     

关于设立取得时效制度的立法建议

取得时效是大陆法系国家的一项重要制度,目前我国民事立法尚未对其作出规定。本文主要介绍了取得时效的构成要件,阐述了设立该制度的必要性并在最后提出了一些立法上的建议。     

污染环境罪主观方面评析

《刑法修正案（八）》对重大环境污染事故罪进行了重大修改,罪名也变为污染环境罪.一般认为,修改前的重大环境污染事故罪是过失犯罪,但对于修改后的污染环境罪是故意还是过失犯罪,理论上颇有争议,存有过失说、双重罪过形式说及故意说等观点.但过失说及双重罪过形式说均不能正确反映本罪修改的实质意义,不利于正确认定污染环境罪,不利于有效打击污染环境的行为,因而不足取.无论从文理的角度,还是从论理的角度,污染环境罪都应当是故意犯罪.将污染环境罪解释为故意犯罪,有利于惩治污染环境的犯罪行为.     

Differentiation of bullet type based on the analysis of gunshot residue using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Porcine tissue samples shot with two different types of bullets, jacketed and nonjacketed, were collected in the fresh state and throughout moderate decomposition. Wound samples were microwave-digested and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect all elements present at measurable levels in gunshot residue (GSR). Elements detected included antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb), which are considered characteristic of GSR, as well as iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). These five elements were used to differentiate shot tissue and unshot tissue, as well as tissue shot by the two different bullet types, both in the fresh state and throughout moderate decomposition. The concentrations of Cu, Sb, and Pb were able to distinguish the two bullet types in fresh tissue samples at the 95% confidence level. Cu and Pb were able to differentiate the bullet types throughout moderate decomposition at the 99% confidence level.     

规范的犯罪成立要件、刑法免责与我国犯罪构成理论

一国的犯罪构成理论应当与该国刑法规范的犯罪成立要件形成动态的符合关系。无论维持、改良还是重构我国犯罪构成理论,规范的犯罪成立要件都是一个不能回避的视域。比较我国与德国、瑞典、芬兰刑法规范犯罪成立要件,具体免责事由的缺失是我国刑法规范的犯罪成立要件最大的不足。完善我国犯罪构成理论,应当从发展我国刑法免责理论、完善刑法免责立法开始。     

浅析犯罪现场的构成要素

刑事案件现场勘查工作紧紧围绕犯罪现场展开,犯罪现场的构成要素是现场勘查工作的主要对象。文章结合侦查工作深入解析犯罪现场的时空要素、行为要素和结果要素,为明确勘查工作的对象和内容,全面收集证据和线索,完善现场勘查各项工作提供借鉴。     

Trace element fingerprinting of Australian ocher using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the provenance establishment and authentication of indigenous art

The expansion of indigenous art and the interest it has generated both at a domestic and international level means large monetary transactions are taking place between art galleries or centers and purchasers. As such, an accurate and conclusive method for provenance determination of traditional indigenous artistic materials must be established that can, if necessary, be used to assist in authentication of artworks. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was utilized for elemental differentiation and provenance establishment of ocher samples. This research was used to develop a robust scientific protocol which facilitates definitive and accurate determination of provenance of Australian ochers and the artworks created using them. Analysis of the results obtained through this study show that the trace metal distribution patterns alone appear to be sufficient evidence to establish provenance of specific ochers, although additional differentiation between ocher samples, using major element distribution patterns, was achieved through the utilization of X-ray analytical techniques.     

查处涉外治安案件应注意的问题

与查处普通治安案件不同,涉外治安案件查处除了涉及保障公民合法权益外,还涉及外国人国籍国的外交保护与监督,涉及我国与他国的外交关系,涉及我国遵守国际条约和尊重国际惯例的守信度。在查处涉外治安案件时,应注意以下问题一是确认外国公民的国籍与身份,二是遵守涉外治安案件管辖规定,三是执行涉外案件内部协调程序,四是履行涉外案件外部通知义务,五是信守外交特权与管辖豁免权。