Maternal Acceptance as a Moderator of the Relation Between Threat to Self Appraisals and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents from Divorced Families

Appraisals about the implications of stressful events that are evaluated as involving a threat to self (negative self-evaluation, negative evaluation from others, rejection by others) have been shown to place youth at risk for the development of mental health problems. This longitudinal study tested a protective-stabilizing interactive model, in which high maternal acceptance was predicted to mitigate the prospective relation between threat to self appraisals and change in adolescents’ mental health problems six months later. Participants were 89 adolescents from divorced families ages 10–12 and residential mothers. Adolescents reported on threat to self appraisals from the most stressful event experienced in the past month. Mothers and youth reported on maternal acceptance and mental health problems. Multiple regression analyses provided support for the protective effects of maternal acceptance on adolescents’ mental health problems. Intervention implications are discussed. Ana Brown is a pre-doctoral fellow in prevention research (NIMH 2 T32 MH18387–19) and doctoral student in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Research interests include the study of children’s appraisals and responses to stressful events in the prevention of mental health problems. Sharlene Wolchik is a clinical psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research focuses on identifying risk and protective factors for children whose parents have divorced. She also has designed and evaluated the efficacy of preventive interventions for children from divorced families and children who have experienced parental bereavement. Jenn-Yun Tein is a research associate professor and Co-Director of the Research Methodology Core of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research interests include analyses of mediation and moderation of preventive interventions as well as applications of methodology and statistics in prevention research. Irwin Sandler is a Regents’ Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. His research interests focus on understanding resilience for children exposed to stress and on the development, evaluation and dissemination of programs to promote resilience and prevent mental health problems for children in stress.     

我国大众教育存在的问题与路径选择

高等教育大众化是现代工业社会发展的必然要求,也是当代教育的重要发展趋势.伴随着扩招浪潮,我国的高等教育实现了大众化.高等教育大众化自然利于提高全民素质,实行教育公平,但政府硬性推行的结果使得我国高等教育的大众化处境尴尬,并面临着诸多问题.如何走出这种困惑,如何克服大众化发展过程中遇到的困难,借鉴他国大众化教育模式,寻找我国高等教育大众化的发展路径是我们应考虑的问题.     

Work and Family Life among Migrant Factory Workers in China and Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Through on-site interviewing, a comparative study has been carried out about migrant factory workers in industrialised parts of China’s Guangdong province and in Vietnam’s Ho Chi Minh City. Even though China and Vietnam possess similar legacies of socialist transformation and have household registration regulations that restrict rural migrants’ access to urban social services and impede their settlement in cities, there exist marked differences in Guangdong and Ho Chi Minh City in migration patterns, factory work conditions and migrant worker family livelihoods. In particular, migrant families in Ho Chi Minh City largely stay intact and tend to settle there permanently, while married migrant workers in Guangdong normally need to split up their families and remain trapped in circular rural–urban migration. As shall be seen, the national and local governments play important roles in determining the inclusion or exclusion of migrants from urban life, the wages they are paid and their standard of living and, most important of all, their children’s access to education. Each of the two countries’ differences in implementing policies is examined and comparatively analysed.     

试述“领导干部人才化“

"十五"计划纲要报告提出了培养"高素质领导人才队伍"的人才战略,要求加速"领导干部人才化",具有极为重要的意义."领导干部"与"领导人才"是两个既相联系又相区别的概念,强调对"领导人才"的培养是对领导干部队伍建设提出的更高要求,适应了当今世界人才竞争面临的新形势和我国现代化建设事业对领导人才需求的客观要求,加速实现"领导干部人才化",需要进一步更新用人观念、改革用人制度、加强全面训练和注重对年轻干部的培养锻炼.     

论家庭抚育功能外化对青少年社会化的挑战——基于对苏州市托教机构的实地研究

家庭在青少年社会化的过程中起着基础性的作用,但是随着经济社会的迅速发展和家庭结构的变化,家庭在青少年社会化过程中所扮演的角色正在发生改变,家庭的抚育功能正在发生外化。在这一背景下,青少年社会化面临着新的挑战,包括影响青少年的人格培养、导致青少年产生自我认同危机、造成青少年角色失调与混乱以及由青少年社会化自主性增强所导致的与家庭传统权威的冲突。     

再论大众文化与精英文化

当前，大众文化和精英文化对社会文化的发展都起着重要的作用，二者的消长成为文化研完领域关注的焦点。深刻认识这两种文化及其在社会文化中的地位，实现两种文化的合理建构，形成和谐共生的文化语境，有利于促进整体文化和整个社会的发展。     

两大法系小额诉讼程序的比较分析

对两大法系的小额诉讼程序进行比较研究之后,提出我国应当如何借鉴。     

20世纪美国社会保障制度的困境及其社会影响

美国的社会保障制度发挥了保护器、安全阀和调节器的作用,并且成为现代美国资本主义制度重要的有机组成部分。但是,它却面临着财政危机、工作伦理危机和家庭危机等困境,随着人口结构的老龄化,老年危机也成为与之相关的重大社会问题,需要加以关注和调整。     

庸人政治、偏激取向与民主社会的异化

现代社会民主化进程中往往呈现出两种现象:一是庸人往往占据高位,而那些事变创造性人物则越来越为主流社会所遗弃,导致新思想对社会产生作用的时滞越来越长;二是呈现出强烈的极端性和好斗性,那些拥有权力优势的国家和个人更易于实行机会主义。究其原因,这体现了当今民主体制的缺陷和相关条件的不成熟。一者,如果对民主选举的范围和内容不进行界定,那么多数至上规则中获得优胜的往往是基于影响力原则而不是贤能原则;二者,如果社会大众的教育水平没有达到一定程度,那么集体行动往往会呈现出狂热和非理性。     

代际互惠还是福利不足?——城市双职工家庭家务劳动中的代际交换与社会性别

老人帮助已婚儿女承担家务劳动,不能简单地被视为一种代际互惠。第一,在代际及性别权力关系改变与工业社会变迁相互作用的背景下,这种传统意义上的代际互惠发生了改变。第二,代际互惠观念背后隐藏了一些意识形态,它们与工业化进程中家庭功能外移之间存在矛盾和冲突。文章在父系家庭和工业社会变迁的理论框架下,从代际和性别权力关系的视角,着重分析了城市双职工家庭中,在第一个孩子出世到上小学之前这段家庭生命周期内,祖父母特别是祖母协助双职工家庭中的儿子和儿媳承担育儿及其他家务工作这一现象,探讨了在经济力量改变社会性别和父权制家庭关系的背景下,老年女性的福利遭到削减、家庭面临工业化挑战、社会政策被期待做出调整等相关问题。