Work-Life Balance and National Context in Attraction to Public Employment

What explains preferences for public employment versus private business employment. Much of the extant literature considers this topic within the context of single-nation studies and the work motives of those individuals already employed by government. This study contributes to the public-management literature with a cross-national examination of government employment preferences across 31 national samples using data from the International Social Survey Programme. Results indicate that a desire for more work-life balance is negatively associated with a preference for government employment and that measures of national economic health help explain the variation in preferences for government employment across nations.     

中美贸易摩擦对我国制造业就业的潜在影响分析

中美之间的贸易摩擦系当前世界经济面临的最大不确定性。本文分析了全球化对中美制造业就业的影响。以新的方法核算了中国制造业就业数据,阐释中美贸易争端的产生原因,以及贸易摩擦对中国制造业就业的影响,并提出政策建议。研究发现,如果目前美国的贸易威胁生效,中国出口的减少将导致中国制造业岗位减少20万以上。相对于每年中国新增1000万以上的就业岗位,这种影响是可控的。     

中美贸易摩擦对就业的影响及对策

在"美国优先"的指导思想下,美国特朗普政府对中国意图进行贸易战,借此振兴美国制造业,为底层劳动者创造更多就业岗位。贸易战争背后其实是就业战争。对中国来说,由于对美贸易依赖性较大,因而有可能对国内就业产生比较明显的就业冲击。极端情况下,将会使我国就业岗位减少350-580万个。因此,通过谈判协商是解决贸易争端的最佳策略。而进一步扩大实施"一带一路"发展战略,减少对少数国家贸易依赖,以及加快推进创新驱动战略,将有助于减轻贸易战对我国就业的影响。     

代际差异视角下平台型灵活就业者的就业选择研究

灵活就业作为一种新兴的就业形式吸引了各个年龄的劳动者,同时随着"80后"和"90后"新生代劳动者进入劳动力市场,代际差异以及带来的管理问题成为了重要的研究领域。利用微工网兼职平台灵活就业人员抽样调查数据资料,分析了代际差异对劳动者就业选择的影响。分析结果显示:代效应和年龄效应对于灵活就业劳动者的就业选择有着显著影响。"90后"的灵活就业劳动者更关注灵活就业中的时间自由与个人的发展;"80后"和"70后"的灵活就业则更加关注工作本身的回报,同时更愿意继续从事灵活就业工作。     

城市人才竞争与用人环境改善研究

人才竞争的背后,是各地经济发展的竞争,也是经济质量提升和产业结构转型升级的必然现象。为了吸引更多更优秀的人才到本地就业,各地出台了诸多优惠政策,主要集中在户籍政策、薪酬待遇、就业创业补贴、住房保障、职称评定等多个方面。应该清醒地认识到,吸引人才不能仅靠某些优惠政策就一劳永逸。随着人力资源素质的不断提高,劳动者的职业价值观正在发生重大的变化。在当前人才争夺战日趋激烈的时期,更好地打造以实现人才自我价值为中心的用人环境,是各地政府急需面对和解决的一件大事,引进人更要学会用好人,避免陷入重"引进"轻"使用"的陷阱,才能真正做到"人尽其才",经济社会实现稳定发展才能获得持久的动力。     

Youth as Actors of Change? The Cases of Morocco and Tunisia

In the last decades, ‘youth’ has increasingly become a fashionable category in academic and development literature and a key development (or security) priority. However, beyond its biological attributes, youth is a socially constructed category and also one that tends to be featured in times of drastic social change. As the history of the category shows in both Morocco and Tunisia, youth can represent the wished-for model of future citizenry and a symbol of renovation, or its ‘not-yet-adult’ status which still requires guidance and protection can be used as a justification for increased social control and repression of broader social mobilisation. Furthermore, when used as a homogeneous and undifferentiated category, the reference to youth can divert attention away from other social divides such as class in highly unequal societies.     

Beyond post-national citizenship: an evaluation of the experiences of Tunisian and Romanian migrants working in the agricultural sector in Sicily

To further advance the literature which contests the shift from national to post-national citizenship, the aim of this paper is to compare the experiences of two groups of migrants to reveal how national immigration policies remain influential and determine the employment and living conditions of migrants. Reporting evidence from Italy on the different experiences of non-European Union (Tunisian) and European Union (Romanian) migrants employed as seasonal workers in the agricultural sector in Sicily, the finding is that the degree of exploitation they witness in their working conditions is shaped by their citizenship entitlements. The outcome is that it is revealed that (European Union) citizenship status, rather than formal employment, provides greater belonging and security to economic migrants.     

全面二孩政策下女性就业面临的问题及应对策略 —— 基于社会工作的视角

全面二孩政策是我国人口发展史上的一个重要里程碑。在强调二孩政策积极性的同时,也应看到二孩政策所带来的问题,尤其是对二孩政策的真正实施者——女性带来的影响。文章致力于分析全面二孩政策下女性在就业方面可能会面临的困境,并尝试从社会工作的角度进行介入,发挥个案工作、小组工作和社区工作等方法在其中的作用。     

挑战与应对：全面二孩政策下的女性就业权保障

本文利用人力资本理论、职业生涯理论和统计歧视理论,通过2017年、2016年和2014年完成的48例个案访谈、4次小组座谈,2010年对全国7573例已婚职业女性的问卷调查,分析生育尤其是全面二孩政策对女性就业权的影响,生育保障对女性就业权的保障作用以及企业积极应对全面二孩政策的经验。最后,从两种生产理论出发,结合国内外女性就业权保障的经验和积极措施,探索全面二孩政策下女性就业权保障的政策与措施。     

对英国失业状况和就业政策的考察

本较详细地介绍了８０年代以来英国的失业状况及政府为解决失业问题所陛的对策,以供我国解决此类问题作参考。章认为,解决下岗、失业问题和实施再就业措施,绝不是一个独立的安排过剩劳动力的问题,要避免单纯为了解解下岗和失业压力而采取不利于维护和提高我国产业国际竞争力的措施。这是一个关系到我国劳动力就业的长期态势的战略性问题。