中国与东盟能源安全合作的障碍与前景

作为中国对外能源合作的重要组成部分,中国与东盟的能源安全合作发展迅速,并已成为中国与东盟经贸合作的重点。但是,由于东南亚出口能源的减少,能源运输通道安全受到的威胁,以及南海问题的国际化,中国与东盟的能源安全合作虽前景广阔但障碍重重。为此,利用联合国条约体系,解决马六甲海峡防盗、反恐和南海问题;借助WTO协议和CAFTA协议,加强能源贸易和投资纪律;以及借鉴ECT和NAFTA,建立专门的能源合作协调机制应是双方未来合作的重要内容。     

宁夏与西北四省区能源消费比较研究

随着宁夏新型工业化和城镇化的推进,能源资源消耗持续增长,二氧化碳排放增加,环境压力加大,原有拼资源、拼消耗和高排放的发展模式已不可持续。实现经济发展方式转变,宁夏工业必须转型升级,走绿色循环低碳发展之路。     

China＇s Energy Efficient Appliance Adoption Dilemma： Problems,Possibilities, and Solutions

With the world＇s largest population and growing concerns that increasing energy consumption threatens the environment, the economy, and social stability, the Chinese Government has identified improving the physical environment as a priority. One way consumers can assist in this effort and save money is to invest in energy efficient appliances. Despite efforts to encourage consumers to purchase energy efficient appliances, consumer adoption of these money and energy saving devices is quite low. The authors contend that energy efficient appliances are less popular in China than in the West due to poor marketing of the cost savings of these devices coupled with lower levels of purchases with credit versus cash. A survey given to Chinese consumers seeks to answer these queries and provides evidence of ways to improve the adoption of energy efficient appliances. This benefits manufacturers （who make money selling more expensive items）, consumers （who save money over the life of the appliance since the cost of ownership is not just the cost of purchasing the item but also includes the cost of using it）, the Chinese Government （which is currently engaged in a campaign to lower the amount of energy used）, and the world （which benefits from a cleaner environment）.     

The Impact of Gender,Age and Tissues in vitro on Estimating Postmortem Interval by FTIR Spectroscopy

To investigate the influence of such individual factors as gender,age and tissues in vitro to the postmortem interval(PMI) by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer in animal experiments.SD rats were classified into male and female groups,different age groups(21-day,42-day and 63-day group),and tissues in vitro and in vivo groups.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation,whose bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at(20±2) ℃ and 50% humidity.The liver,kidney,spleen,myocardium,brain,lung and skeletal muscle tissues were collected for measurement from time zero to 48 h postmortem.With the change of PMI,no obvious changes were found in the main FTIR absorbance peaks and their ratios at different time points.All the experimental groups showed no significant changes when compared with the controls.The gender,age and tissues in vitro were not found to be contributing factors in the estimation of PMI via FTIR spectroscopy.     

美国贸易救济案例中的裁决准则与新近变化:基于美对华太阳能“双反”案的考察

美国对华光伏太阳能"双反"案持续一年多,美国国际贸易委员会实质性损害的肯定裁决,意味着该案暂告一段落。但是本案中美国政府(商务部)的裁决准则和贸易政策的新近变化,却值得后续关注。尤其是案件中涉及调查范围、替代国选择、单独税率、双重救济等法律问题,颇具代表性,并且对今后的"双反"案件具有很强的指示效应。问题的关键还在于对于上述法律问题的理解,中美双方仍然存在分歧,贸易纠纷并未停息。     

The Policy Dynamics of the Trans‐Alaska Pipeline System

Since 1977, oil produced in northern Alaska has posed a major environmental threat across large areas of Alaska while simultaneously playing a dominant role in the economy of Alaska. This enduring dilemma was created by the building of the Trans‐Alaska Pipeline System to transport oil produced on the North Slope of Alaska, a region containing the largest oil field ever developed in North America. The Trans‐Alaska Pipeline System transports oil through an 800‐mile pipeline and ocean‐going oil tankers. This complex technological system poses an enduring risk of environmentally damaging oil spills in Alaska. This study applies the punctuated equilibrium theory of policy change to examine the processes and enduring consequences of the national policy reforms that allowed the building of the Trans‐Alaska Pipeline System.     

论社会发展历史进步的梦想力量

社会发展与历史进步是一个辨证运动的过程，也是一个经济与道德双向建构的过程。在此过程中，不同历史时期的主体对未来社会历史的发展趋势构筑不同的梦想，主体梦想产生各种激励力量，改变与超越现实，使社会发展历史进步的合规律性与合目的性真正统一起来。梦想力量呼唤培育与扩充社会正能量，无论是主体指导思想所蕴藏的正能量、还是主体情感意志与道德所内涵的正能量，都是自内而外、自下而上助推梦想力量不竭的源泉。     

以外墙外保温为例论建筑节能的法规体系建设

外墙外保温技术推广应用需要相关政策法规的支持。建议：首先加大政策法规的整合力度，在纵向上考虑不同层面法律法规的一致性，在横向上充分考虑政策、法规和技术标准之间的配套和衔接。其次，要针对外墙外保温技术复杂、涉及面广、职能交叉的特点，提高政策法规的针对性和可操作性。第三，要加强行政监督和执法力度。     

傅里叶红外图像无损检验添改数字的研究

目的建立利用傅里叶红外图像系统无损检验添改数字的检验方法。方法采集同种同品牌、同种不同品牌及不同种书写材料书写的数字1改为4和3添加为8两类样本的红外图像，根据红外吸收的光谱信息对其添改进行检验。结果同种不同品牌及不同种书写材料对红外吸收强弱不同，形成的红外图像有差别；同种同品牌书写材料对红外吸收强弱没有明显差别。结论该检验方法不损坏检材，重现性好，并且纸张成分对其分析结果基本上无干扰。     

Visualization of latent fingerprints using fluorescence lifetime imaging on paper emitting strong fluorescence

Latent fingerprints were successfully visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) on paper which emits strong fluorescence with a lifetime close to that of fingerprints and thus from which it is difficult for time-resolved spectroscopy to visualize fingerprints. Latent fingerprint samples on paper were excited using a 450 nm or 532 nm nanosecond pulsed-laser, and time-resolved fluorescence images were obtained at a delay time of 6–16 ns in intervals of 1 ns, to the excitation pulse. The excitation beam was expanded using a lens, and the fluorescence from the fingerprints was captured using an intensified CCD camera. Because of the large fluorescence intensity of the background paper of approximately two to four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint, the fingerprint was not visualized on each fluorescence image by time-resolved spectroscopy. However, the fingerprint was visualized in a FLIM image constructed using a series of the fluorescence images for the case with the fluorescence intensity of the background paper being four orders of magnitude larger than that of the fingerprint. The difference in fluorescence lifetime in the FLIM image of the visualized fingerprint and background paper was in the order of 0.1 ns, which was an order of magnitude smaller than the inherent fluorescence lifetime of a few nanoseconds for the fingerprints and paper. It was demonstrated that, at a background fluorescence intensity with a certain order of magnitude larger than that of fingerprints, FLIM has the potential to visualize latent fingerprints which cannot be visualized by time-resolved spectroscopy.