实施替代资源开发 实现生态与经济协调发展

生态与经济的协调发展依赖于生态环境的可承受能力、可持续的能源支撑和替代能源特别是生态能源的开发,调整优化能源供给与需求结构需要改变常规能源的供给与消费结构,更需要大力发展核能、太阳能、水能、风能、地热和生物等替代能源,并使利益诱导成为替代新能源开发的基础机制。因此,必须推动节能技术和替代能源,特别是生态能源利用技术的发展,并提供政策和法律制度的支持、保障和激励。     

西电东送的区域能源效应分析

西电东送有利于国家范围的资源优化配置,有利于开发西部。西电东送工程的成效,一方面取决于输入地内在的长期能源消费变动趋向,另一方面取决于其他能源,尤其是石油价格的未来变动走向,以及电力部门相应的定价策略。     

析俄罗斯煤炭运输的发展前景

能源供应的可靠性和战略稳定性要求俄罗斯在能源领域必须实现燃料—能源资源的部门结构和分布多元化。煤炭运输未来发展的预测是根据“2 0 2 0年前俄罗斯的能源战略”制定的 ,该战略确定了燃料由目前占绝对优势的碳氢化合物 (石油和天然气 )向煤炭、核能和再生材料过渡的进程。同时 ,能源战略的一些指标应该考虑到经济和能源中长期发展计划的可行性和实现性。建立国家未来的起支撑作用的运输网的首要任务 ,是修筑北西伯利亚铁路线     

“零碳排放”校园建设的综合效果分析——以特里尔应用科技大学贝肯费尔德校区为例

德国特里尔应用科技大学通过开发各种可再生能源技术,在贝肯菲尔德校区建设＂零碳排放＂校园,实现了电能与热能供应的二氧化碳＂零排放＂。该文系统分析了＂零碳排放＂校园的主要做法及其效果,提出了中国发展低碳经济和开发利用可再生能源的对策。     

道家生态伦理视域下的城市低碳经济建设探析

道家的生态伦理思想幽深博大,最能体现其基本精神的莫过于"物我为一"的整体观念、"知止知足"的开发原则、热爱自然的伦理情趣等,它们集中地显现出道家生态伦理所特有的东方神韵。道使生态系统趋向平衡,生态系统遵循道所固有的规律运动,循环往复,周而复始。以道家生态伦理指导城市低碳经济建设,有助于我们掌握低碳经济建设的原则,把握低碳经济建设契机,推动其发展。     

死亡时间——当今中国法医病理学研究的热点及难点

在法医病理学研究的诸多重要问题中,时间问题无疑是其中的一个热点问题,同时也是一个难点问题。法医病理学中的时间问题主要包括:死亡时间、损伤时间、猝死者病理学标本能够诊断的时间(包括发病多久可以诊断及保存多久可以诊断)、水中经过时间等,其中尤其以死亡时间为研究热点。现结合本单位的研究结果,就死亡时间推断问题做一介绍。     

论我国《能源法》的制定——兼评《中华人民共和国能源法》(征求意见稿)

作为全球第二大能源生产国和消费国,中国正面临着十分复杂的能源形势和安全问题,因而制定一部《能源法》是十分必要的。《能源法》应当将保障能源供应与安全、优化能源结构、提高能源效益、降低能源消耗、保护环境作为其立法宗旨。《能源法》应当定位于能源领域的综合性立法,主要对涉及能源安全、能源效率、能源管理、能源环境保护等全局性的问题和其他单行能源法不予调整的问题加以规范,发挥宏观管理和对各单行立法加以协调和拾遗补缺的作用。由国家能源领导小组办公室等组成的《能源法》起草小组起草的《能源法》(征求意见稿)已经取得令人瞩目的成就。如果能够进一步听取意见,去粗取精,相信能够成为一部科学和实用的《能源法》。     

Smokescreen Politics? Ratcheting Up EU Emissions Trading in 2017

The reform of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) adopted in November 2017 was surprisingly strong, given the previous opposition from central member‐states like Poland and key stakeholders like the energy‐intensive industries. The carbon price has also increased substantially since then. To explain why such major reform was possible, we present several findings with wider relevance. Importantly, all the actors pushing for a more ambitious reform benefitted from having a central, “second‐best” mechanism in place—the Market Stability Reserve (MSR)—which could be further tightened. By focusing cancelation on allowances in the MSR and taking place only after 2023, policy entrepreneurs managed to make the distribution of costs obscure and diffuse, whereas the benefits (a probable higher carbon price and related greater auctioning revenues for member‐states) were more specific and closer in time. That is what we call “smokescreen politics.”     

Multiple Streams in Hawaii: How the Aloha State Adopted a 100% Renewable Portfolio Standard

Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are an important policy tool for reducing carbon emissions and advancing the global shift toward renewable energy. As the U.S. federal government backs away from commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, subnational governments play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change. In June 2015, Hawaii became the first state in the United States to adopt a 100% RPS. Through understanding the conditions that gave rise to Hawaii’s RPS, policy actors will be better informed as they navigate policy processes in other states and jurisdictions. This study uses Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to explore the policy process that led to Hawaii’s 100% RPS. Data were collected during the summer of 2016 via interviews with 25 key policy actors and informants in Hawaii. Expectations based on the MSF are confirmed, and the results suggest factors that might be included or explored in future studies of RPS adoption.     

Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance.