Regulating intersectional activity: privacy and energy efficiency,laws and technology

Using a case study, this paper explores the extent to which one area of law (privacy and data protection) can intersect with, and be challenged by, proposals for delivery of another goal – greater energy efficiency. The article then explores the extent to which these fields are becoming more integrated; and also the risks of relying on technology (notably through Privacy by Design) to do this, particularly given the uncertainties embraced by lawyers and which can be problematic to technologists. Having identified challenges in meeting both energy efficiency and privacy/data protection goals at the same time, the article develops two responses. One looks more widely in law, to competition, to prevent particular activity and to confirm the relevance of greater legal interdisciplinarity. The other is a more multi-faceted collaborative governance approach, involving legal and technical expertise and consumer perspectives, with standards having a valuable role. Addressing climate change through greater energy efficiency should be an appropriate motivation to bring about this second approach, which draws on wider environmental governance developments. With largely a UK and EU focus, but seeking to be of transnational relevance, the paper makes key contributions as to the capacity and limits of how law can address societal challenges; explores the risks of assuming that social and legal problems can be readily addressed by technology; confirms the need for lawyers to look to other fields of law; and assists progress in an increasingly intersectional and dynamic field.     

Discharge of a Pistol Out a Car Window with the Breech Within the Interior of the Car: Analysis of Gunshot Residue on a Car's Interior Surfaces

The defendant, the driver of the questioned car, allegedly extended his right arm over the passenger seat and fired a single shot from a 380 pistol out the passenger window with the pistol's breech within the car. A simulation of this shooting scenario using the same model car, but different year, was conducted to quantitate gunshot residue (GSR) contamination of interior surfaces within the car. The test car's dash and headliner/window frame above the pistol had the heaviest GSR contamination. The dash GSR from airborne deposition documents a firearm discharge within the vehicle. Transfer from GSR‐contaminated hands or clothing to the dash is unlikely. The heavy GSR contamination of the headliner/window frame above the pistol likely documents the window from which the pistol was fired, but additional experiments are needed to verify.     

Ripening Within? Strategies Used by Rebel Negotiators to End Ethnic War

This article explores what strategies rebels use to prepare their ethnic community for negotiated peace. Proposed strategies are distilled from relevant theory and systematically investigated in case analyses of peace negotiations in Sri Lanka, Indonesian Aceh, and Senegal. The empirical findings indicate that although a coercive military capacity underpinned claims to ethnic representation, coercion did not dominate during the prenegotiation phase. During negotiations, noncoercive persuasion, as well as collective and selective incentives, clearly dominated. Moreover, the most important measures were internal to the negotiating rebel group. The successful rebel negotiator appeared to “mobilize in reverse” by initially targeting the core of military leaders followed by competitor groups and constituents. The article systematically examines across cases what measures rebel negotiators have used to “ripen” their own community, how these measures have been sequenced, and against whom they have been directed. The findings have important implications for the concepts of ripeness and prenegotiation and their requirements. The study underscores in particular the relevance of rebels' nonviolent commitment signals, something that has been largely overlooked in the research on nonstate armed actors. The policy implications suggest the possible benefits of third‐party assistance to efforts to promote communication, public outreach, and procedural transparency on the nonstate side in connection with peace talks.     

Structural,Domestic, and Strategic Interests in the European Union: Negotiation Positions in the Council of Ministers

Preferences are a crucial element for analyzing decision making and negotiations, but knowledge about which factors determine these preferences is sparse. Some quantitative and qualitative studies of European Union (EU) negotiations have assumed that the negotiation conflict dimensions in intergovernmental negotiations reflect market‐versus‐regulation approaches as well as a north–south dimension. In this study, I demonstrate that these findings can be extended to show that the relevant determining factors for negotiation positions are economic structural variables and the degree to which a country benefits from the EU. Furthermore, the domestic interests of EU governments better explain a government's interest in some specific issues, such as consumer protection or fishery policies, than do their partisan preferences. Moreover, I am able to show that in frequent negotiations, such as EU Council of Ministers negotiations, sincere preferences dominate; however, some factors, such as extreme salience, can increase the likelihood that a minister will choose a less sincere strategic position such as an extreme position.     

大融合：社会治安管控战略的新构想——以河南省永城市为考察样本

在社会治安管控工程之中倡导＂大融合＂的思想,主要是指观念契合、资源整合和功能组合这三个方面的＂融合＂。政府及公安机关通过建立治安管控的理念更新、功能重组和目标管理等创新机制,全力促进社会资源的融会贯通,并共同整合于同一个调控体系之中,消解以＂三仇＂（仇官、仇警、仇富）为代表的社会敌意和社会疏离,在实现治安状况大幅度好转的同时,实现官民融合、警民融合、阶层融合、民族融合、社会融合的最终目标。     

浅议我国煤炭行业节能减排

气候的异常、能源的紧缺掀起了低碳经济的浪潮,作为煤炭占能源主导地位的国家,由于高碳的性质,使得我国煤炭行业节能减排的任务繁重,而且现在煤炭行业存在产业整体性差、资源浪费严重、后备资源不足、煤矿规模结构不合理、环境污染严重等一系列问题,为了做好节能减排工作,煤炭行业要从系统节能、资源耦合、企业转型、融资租赁等方面着手,由高碳向低碳转变,促进煤炭行业低碳经济的发展。     

发展低碳经济的几个问题

低碳经济是为应对全球气候变化而提出的一种新的经济发展模式或经济发展形态,是未来世界经济发展的重要方向。目前,低碳经济在世界各国蓬勃兴起。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,一直坚定不移地为应对气候变化作出不懈努力和积极贡献,大力推进低碳经济的发展。随着世界低碳经济的进一步发展,中国将采取更为积极而有效的对策和措施,以发挥在世界低碳经济发展中的领军作用。     

辅音的声学特征在声纹鉴定中的应用研究

针对汉语普通话辅音的声学特征进行个体特性的声学研究,提取能量集中区、过渡音征、送气辅音的嗓音起始时间值等三种特征参数,以最终确定它们能否作为稳定的个体特征参数在声纹鉴定中应用。     

棚户区改造与社区建设

文中从2005年开始,东北三省在实施振兴战略中相继开展了大规模的棚户区改造,其缔造了＂棚改奇迹＂：不仅仅体现在居住环境的改善——空间布局的优化,也体现在社会环境的改善——社会生活的提升。试图从社区建设的视角下分析棚改的影响和成效,从居住环境改善前后社区居民生活质量发生重大改观这一视角,探求棚改过程中社区建设之和谐发展。     

滨海新区生态用地特征与低碳目标下的优化策略

鉴于城市化给生态用地带来的威胁,该文兼顾“低碳”和“生态”,综合考虑土地的生态价值和碳汇能力,阐述了天津滨海新区生态用地的现状和有机碳空间分布特征,提出基于低碳的生态用地优化策略。