Interlocal collaboration and local climate protection

ABSTRACT

The influences of state government have been curiously absent from most studies of collaboration among cities. Extant research on city collaboration which promotes on climate and environmental sustainability issues focuses primarily on local-level institutions, politics, and processes. Thus, the role of states to constrain or facilitate collaboration among local governments needs to be more fully accounted for. Building on transaction cost and institutional collective action theory and drawing on data from a national survey of US cities, we investigate the influences of city-level factors together with the hierarchical effects of state rules and policies on the extent to which mechanisms for interlocal collaboration are employed in pursuing climate protection and renewable energy development goals. The results confirm predictions that multilevel intergovernmental forces influence the extent to which cities collaborate. These results have both theoretical and practical implications for understanding interlocal collaborations.     

Knowledge sharing and lesson learning: consultants' perspectives on the international sharing of political marketing strategy

Political marketing consultants who offer specialist skills and experience in political marketing – polling, strategy, voter profiling, segmentation, micro-targeting, voter-responsive product design – travel around the world sharing ideas from one campaign to the next, raising concerns that these unelected advisors wield global power; that political products will become all the same, and political leaders are prevented from offering an appropriate vision geared to the needs of their individual country. Whilst previous literature on political consultancy generally debated whether such global activities represented Americanisation or globalisation this article presents new qualitative interview data with consultants that suggest alternative perspectives. Political marketing strategy and tools are shared, but not just from the USA but between all countries, and they are adapted to suit the particular situation of each country, or indeed, each election. Politics is truly being marketised all over the world but each election remains a unique exercise.     

试论影响印度软件产业发展的市场环境因素

印度软件产业是在一定的市场环境中生存与发展起来的,因而认识影响印度软件产业发展的一系列市场环境因素,以及探索其环境影响因素的变动趋势,制定趋利避害的战略,是促使印度软件产业发展的基础和条件保证。     

浅谈网络信息检索策略

目前,网络信息检索主要存在网络信息资源自身建设不完善、检索工具效率不高以及检索者素质不高等三大障碍。针对存在问题,可考虑从检索方式和检索程序两个方面制定相应的检索策略。     

对邓小平非均衡发展战略思想的认识

非均衡发展战略是邓小平经济发展理论的重要内容。包括“先富带后富” ,“先沿海后内陆” ,“三步走”三个方面内容。非均衡发展战略是实现共同富裕的重要途径     

论新型的治国方略:法德并治

“法德并治”是适应有中国特色社会主义的新型治国理念 ,法律与道德的内在同一性和社会主义市场经济的发展为“法德并治”奠定了坚实的基础。积极推进有中国特色社会主义事业的发展 ,必须坚定不移地坚持这一新型的治国方略     

农业高新技术与涉农供应链基本战略的实现

受内在的诸多固有问题影响,传统涉农供应链无论采取总成本领先战略还是差异化战略都面临着重大障碍。21世纪农业高新技术的发展为涉农供应链提供了战略性再造的契机。它能够营造涉农链的高度稳定,进而强力支持涉农链基本竞争战略的实现和深化。     

“战略近视症”的表现、根源及预防

"战略近视症"是企业战略实施效果不理想的主要原因,其症状表现为看得不远和看得不全.从战略要素构成视角分析,预防战略近视症关键是做到战略核心明确、思想到位、资源到位、组织及制度保障到位.     

试论企业集团财务管理的战略规划

作者在文中通过对企业集团与集团财务管理的关系、企业集团财务战略与整体战略关系的分析,再结合实践经验,系统地提出了企业集团财务管理战略规划的构建方法－“三步六分法”。     

经营城市与西安定位分析

面对大规模城市化运动,城市需重新定位,从战略层面经营城市。城市的发展首先应该找到跳跃点,而不是循序渐进式地扩张。城市竞争是发展战略的竞争,善于细分市场,不断求新、求善、求实,推出不同于其它城市的个性,制造出独占的“区隔市场”,更要着力打造品牌核心价值,为区域产业化推展打下牢固的品牌价值基础。经营城市是西安焕发活力、迅猛发展的最佳切入点和突破口,需要用超前的理念,准确定位,遵循富有特色的城市发展创新战略,使汉唐盛都变成亮丽的“西部明珠”。