环保督察与空气质量改善:立足城市情境的效应异质性分析

作为生态环境保护领域的一项重大制度创新,中央环保督察已经成为党和政府推动生态文明建设的重要政策工具。然而,对于中央环保督察能否改善空气质量,尤其是其效果的可持续性,尚存在诸多争议。立足于匹配后的地级市数据评估中央环保督察对空气质量改善的平均效应,结果表明中央环保督察尽管在短期内显著改善了空气质量,其长期效应并不显著。然而,借助基于模型的递归分解法和随机森林法进一步发现:中央环保督察的长期效应存在显著的情境差异性:中央环保督察对于空气污染较重的城市具有长期改善效应,且东部城市尤为明显;一个城市的经济发展水平越高,中央环保督察效应越具有长效性;政府规模和财政自主性对中央环保督察效应起到截然相反的调节作用:前者的扩张会削弱长期效应,而后者的提升则会强化长期效应。揭示城市情境对督察效应的调节作用,有助于深化学界对中央环保督察长效性的条件认识,也为进一步完善该制度、提升其效能提供了重要的思路。     

执政党意识与执政意识辨析

执政党意识和执政意识是政党文化研究中两个重要概念,学界对这两个概念的界定还没有达成比较一致的看法。执政党意识和执政意识是两个不同的概念,两者统一于执政。执政党意识对应革命党意识、在野党意识、反对党意识、参政党意识;执政党意识的核心是长期执政,革命党意识的核心是使用暴力夺取政权,在野党意识和反对党意识的核心是民主选举赢得政权,参政党意识的核心是参与执政党的政权建设。执政意识是执政党意识的内容和表现形式,主要回答执政党为什么执政为谁执政怎样执政等具体性问题。     

强化问题意识 破解发展难题

在我国深化改革开放和加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚期、社会矛盾的凸显期、全面建成小康社会的关键期,面对繁重和艰巨的改革发展任务,需要我们牢固树立问题意识,具有担当精神,敢于承担责任,寻求新的办法。要在勤奋学习知识中、具体实践中、运用法治思维和法治方法中不断提升能力,破解发展中的矛盾与问题。     

Measuring double consciousness among black law enforcement officers to understand the significant role of race in law enforcement occupational cultures

The current study correlates Merton's anomie theory and W. E. B. Dubois's double-consciousness theory to measure black law enforcement officers' reactions to occupational strain resulting from officers' ethnic-identification. Measuring levels of anomic behavior provides a scale for identifying levels of risk affecting the well-being of individual officers and organizations. Testing hierarchal regression models with a national sample of black state- and federal-level law enforcement officers (n = 84) reveals a presence of double consciousness as a significant predictor for levels of anomic behavior in law enforcement occupational cultures. It also further suggests that race remains a significant factor in law enforcement organizations and cultures, whereas many police executives would prefer to believe that race issues in policing are settled.     

Negotiating the Marcellus: The Role of Information in Building Trust in Extractive Deals

New technology has expanded the opportunities for energy companies within the United States, often bringing them into populated communities and requiring them to negotiate deals with landowners. This case study focuses on how one group of landowners in northeastern Pennsylvania creatively reimagined the process of negotiating in a natural gas deal. They used collective bargaining for leverage, and the Internet and social media to level the informational playing field. These techniques allowed them to develop trust within the group and ultimately with one company, as they sought to protect their environment and enhance their financial gain.     

公司终止后环境侵权责任承担机制探析--以受害人损失弥补为视角

环境侵权损害通常具有潜伏性和滞后性的特点,其损害后果往往要经过较长的潜伏期才会显现出来。公司在存续期间的污染行为,其损害后果可能直到公司终止后才最终显现出来。为弥补环境受害人的损失,维护社会的和谐稳定,需要在公司和社会两个层面建立公司终止后环境侵权责任承担机制。     

生态文明和中国环境资源保护多元体系的构建

该文提出,改善生态环境质量,实现经济社会的可持续发展是构建和谐社会的重要内容,需要构建和完善包含环境资源法律法规、环境政策和保护环境资源的乡规民约的多元保护体系。     

开展厦漳泉环保同城化研究 提升海西环境竞争力

“海峡西岸”发展战略已从区域战略上升为全国战略,厦漳泉则是海西建设的重要力量,在转变经济发展方式过程中,开展厦漳泉环保同城化研究,对推进科学可持续发展有十分重要意义。该文从推进厦漳泉环保同城化重大意义及基础条件入手,学习借鉴其他城市环保同城化成功经验,提出推进厦漳泉环保同城化的对策建议：树立科学的指导思想及原则;突出重点合作领域;建立健全保障机制。使厦漳泉建立起一整套相互合作义互相制衡的体制机制,使区域内各城市在安排生产力布局、调整产业结构时,既充分考虑本地的环境承载能力,更考虑区域的环境承载能力,避免以邻为壑。共同推进区域经济社会与环保协调发展,使海峡西岸经济区到2012年生念环境继续改善,到2020年生态文明建设位居全国前列。     

环境群体性事件集体行动生成及消解:对典型个案的扎根分析

环境群体性事件一直秉持污染侵害--群体施压的逻辑框架,但与之相关的研究进路却忽略了对群体事件参与者内部动员、组织、集结及消解过程的分析。本文通过对大连7·l6海洋溢油事故后引发的渔民群体维权事件进行扎根分析发现,群体行动诱因、权变因素、群体行动共识形成、村庄网络化动员、集体行动生成、内部组织消解的核心范畴对环境群体性事件生成及消解有着显著影响,进而建构包含上述核心范畴的环境群体性事件参与者内部集结及消解路径模型,并阐释了模型中各因素内涵的相互关系。旨在研究结论对地方政府科学应对环境群体性事件具有一定的参考价值。     

Prosecutorial regulation in the Global South: Environmental civil litigation by prosecutors in China compared to Brazil

Brazil's successful prosecutorial civil action against polluters could be a regulatory example for the Global South. This paper analyses whether such regulation could also develop without the major political, institutional, and legal reforms that spurred it in Brazil. To do so, it analyzes China, where similar reforms have so far not occurred, but where prosecutors have recently started to initiate civil litigation against polluters. It finds that prosecutorial civil litigation in China has only a limited regulatory effect or potential. Prosecutors in China are influenced by conflicting incentive structures that reward one‐off lower level test cases with an innovation bonus, while structurally stimulating a focus on general crime fighting. Ironically, as a result of such incentives, the recent legal reform, toward providing standing for prosecutors in public interest litigation, will, in contrast to Brazil, decrease rather than increase the regulatory effect of these cases. These findings have implications for understanding how the interaction between regulatory independence, legal reform, and regime type shapes possibilities for regulatory innovation in the Global South.