The limits of environmental remediation protocols for environmental justice cases: lessons from Vieques,Puerto Rico

The United States Federal Government has repeatedly put the people of Vieques, Puerto Rico in harm’s way due to the injurious after-effects of air-to-ground weapons testing. Most of the harm happened during the Navy’s 70 years on the island. Yet, the harm continues today considering that aspects of the cleanup count as continued acts of environmental injustice, viewed within the context of the island’s colonial history. Usually, this harm deals with public health issues, but the remediation protocols do not account for considerations such as cultural identity and heritage. This paper shows how the procedures for environmental remediation in Vieques qualify as a case of environmental injustice according to Robert M. Figueroa’s ‘environmental justice paradigm.’ The aim of employing this kind of approach is to pinpoint the underlying reasons why this is a case of environmental injustice.     

大城市郊区新农村发展模式初探——上海市松江区泖港镇新农村建设经验调研报告

该文总结了上海市松江区泖港镇不倚仗工业闯出新农村发展道路的基本做法和经验，提出保护农业首先要保护环境，发展农业首先要反哺农业，服务农民首先要解放农民，建设农村不能过度依赖工业等建议。     

工业锅炉节能环保新途径—分层给煤燃烧

通过调查研究与论证,分析指出了工业链条锅炉由于燃烧不充分而对能源和环境产生的影响,并制定了相应的解决方案和措施.在使用新技术后,取得满意效果.     

生态文化建设及环境教育

生态文化是一种生态文明观，是生态保护、生态建设的物质成果与精神成果总和。生态文化建设包括发展生态产业，实施生态工程，进行生态体制、生态社会及生态社会风气建设。环境教育是生态文化建设的重要途径，其主体有学校、政府组织、企事业单位等。     

论框架公约——以国际环境条约为例

本文以国际环境条约为例,介绍了框架公约的发展历程,集中讨论了框架公约方法的优缺点,指出框架公约的实质是协调国际立法中的政治性因素和技术性因素。框架公约不仅是国际法在形式上的创新,同时也包含了在条约法上新的表达同意的方式,由此引发了在国际法中主权、效率与合法性三者之间的紧张关系。     

On the Regulation of the Discretion of Environmental Administrative Punishment: Based on the Framework of the Modernized Environment Governance System

With the increasing environmental risks, the limitations of legislative regulation, negative judicial regulation and weak administrative regulation make it difficult to regulate the exercise of the discretion of environmental administrative punishment, which also increases the difficulty of the implementation of environmental administrative penalty decisions. The government, enterprises and the public three-dimensional main body structure constructed by the modern environmental governance system provides a new framework for the discretionary regulation of environmental administrative punishment. Based on the traditional theories of administrative Law, three regulation mechanisms can be formed,which include administrative self-control, negotiation regulation, and the social regulation. These three regulatory mechanisms working together in the whole process of environmental administration would regulate and restrict the exerting of discretion of environmental administrative punishment.     

澜沧江-湄公河次区域合作的国际法问题

澜沧江—湄公河流域是东南亚的一个次区域,连接6个国家。在东盟推进合作的行动中,该区域成为了重要的目标和对象。有关该区域水资源的共享、开发、利用和保护等规则须依托国际法的基本原则和规则而形成。本文从国际法角度分析了国际水道共享中的有关问题,明确了澜沧江—湄公河次区域合作中的基本法律规则和原则。     

美国“自然的权利”诉讼

动物等自然物是否有资格提起诉讼,其诉讼行为能否通过人类代为行使是自然的权利诉讼所面临的问题。自然的权利诉讼理论根基可以追溯到环境伦理学中的各种学说,最早的自然的权利诉讼出现在美国,但是,至今美国法院对自然的权利诉讼所表现出的态度却有所差别。     

Tradable Permits for Common‐Pool Resources: An Assessment

Scholars often attribute deterioration in common‐pool resources (CPRs) to ill‐defined property rights and suggest privatization and tradable permit markets as a solution to the commons problem. CPRs are heterogeneous, differing in physical characteristics and use patterns. Regulating their use requires tailored policy solutions that cohere with these characteristics. This paper examines factors that contribute to a well‐performing tradable permit market. While the literature offers rich empirical analyses of individual tradable permit markets, it has not provided an analytical framework enabling comparative analysis of these markets. This paper develops and employs an analytical framework for comparing across markets. The comparative analysis of market performance suggests that markets are not successful in all environmental problems and all demand situations. Further, it shows that even some markets frequently cited as exemplary successes have been that for nonmarket‐related reasons. On the other hand, this comparative analysis identifies sources of success for markets that partial analytical frameworks would have predicted to fail.     

The economic significance of “insignificant” rules

We know relatively little about the economic effects of “insignificant” rules because they are not typically analyzed. Yet, these rules could be cumulatively important. We provide an economic analysis of one proposed rule to control hazardous air pollutants, which is not considered to be economically significant. This rule is of particular interest because it is one of the first in a long series of rules that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will consider for limiting hazardous air pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the proposed controls that EPA has considered are not likely to pass a benefit–cost test. We recommend that an agency base its decision to allocate additional resources to benefit–cost analysis on the expected value of the improved information. In addition, agencies should consider applying a rule of thumb that would specify a threshold level of risk reduction that needs to be achieved before some kinds of regulation are considered.