日本沿海工业城市的环境再生

当前,随着全球环境危机的日益加深,环境再生已成为一个世界性的课题。战后日本沿海工业城市的兴起,促进了日本经济的高速增长,但也为此付出了沉重的环境代价。目前,这些城市实施的治理环境公害、发展以资源循环利用为中心的新兴产业、重新规划和建设城市临海部以及建设可持续交通体系等措施,就是为了通过实现城市环境再生,达到发展经济和保护环境的双重目的,使市民生活得更为健康、舒适,并保证经济社会的可持续发展。     

论可持续发展战略与我国环境保护法律的融合

近年来,可持续发展战略已成为国际立法的重要指导思想和原则,也是我国的总体发展战略。然而,我国现行的环境保护法律已不能完全适应当前经济与社会发展、人与自然和谐相处的基本需要,应当尽快建立以可持续发展战略为中心和基本原则的环境保护法律体制,导入认识自然、重视自然、利用自然、人与自然和谐相处的现代思想,改变现行法律“经济优先”的立法倾向,增设“可持续发展”为基本原则的规定,建立和完善相应的环境保护法律制度。     

企业环境经营与ISO14000环境管理体系的评介

企业环境经营是包括企业整个生产经营过程在内的大范围的环境管理,而ISO14000环境管理体系是国际标准化组织近年来制定的关于强化各类组织环境管理的系列化环境管理标准。实施企业环境经营应与实施ISO14000环境管理体系紧密结合在一起,把ISO14000环境管理体系作为企业环境经营的管理模式。ISO14000环境管理体系包括一整套对企业环境管理进行评价的方法与标准,其核心是ISO14001环境管理标准。它的运行模式遵循了PDCA循环管理模式,以期在企业自愿的基础上,通过这一循环管理模式,获得环境管理水平的持续性提高。这种新的环境管理模式,不同于我们传统的企业环境管理理念,带给我们一种全新的企业环境管理思路。     

论环境犯罪的客观方面

破坏环境资源的行为只能由作为构成 ,不能由不作为构成 ,不应设立行为犯。立法上应设立危险犯 ,以便在危害结果还没有发生时提前介入 ,防患于未然 ,更大力度地保护环境。着重分析了疫学因果关系 ,并指出其有促进环境和生态保护、促使企业加强管理、减少并防止污染发生的作用 ,符合我国刑法的目的 ,所以是摆脱司法困境和打击环境犯罪的最佳选择。     

人与环境同构法初探

传统法律是建立在以人为主体的、以人类利益为中心的理念之上,人的权益是法律保护的核心。在迄今为止的所有法律中,环境始终处于客体的地位。为了人类不被毁灭,就必须放弃人的生存优先于环境系统存在的观念,赋予环境法律上的地位,把创建人与环境同构法作为在法律上解决人与环境问题的终极目标,实现人与环境的最终同构。同构法建立的主要途径,一是要扩展法律主体,赋予环境“法律人”的地位,使其具有主体资格并以平等的地位与人类签订契约;二是完善诉讼参加人制度,通过创建环境诉讼法的方式,让环境作为诉讼当事人或者有独立请求权的“第三人”参加诉讼。     

环境犯罪学与社区警务

环境犯罪学研究产生犯罪的环境原因。其主要理论包括:防卫空间理论、破窗理论和防卫环境设计理论。借鉴这些理论与实践措施,对我国社区警务有积极意义。     

法学方法论生态化的深层结构

从生态整体观的视角出发,通过两个向度对法学方法论生态化的内涵予以界定并展开论证,第一个向度是从法学方法论的生态化概念向外拓展,寻求法律生态化的背景支援,第二个向度则对于法学方法论生态化进行了内部结构审视,以期厘清日前学界由此概念所引发的激烈争鸣.     

Resource Base of Peasants in the Brazilian Amazon: Planning Solutions for Current Problems of Sustainability

Abstract — This is the second paper of a series following a study carried out in the Brazilian Amazon region of peasant livelihoods, their current character and problems of sustainability. It analyses how different people might be affected by environmental degradation in the region by looking at their social and economic activities, the degree of dependency on wild resources, land ownership and the social relations underpinning the structure of the labour force. The study covers three districts within the ecological system of terra firme. Extractivist activities generate income and contribute considerably to food supplies throughout the year. Access to these resources is not generally tied to ownership. Environmental degradation may reduce the future availability of resources or, alternatively, attack health directly. Peasants exposure to these risks is assessed and the long-term sustainability of their livelihoods examined. Possible planning solutions to problems are presented and the more recent debate on the creation of conservation units (SNUC) in Brazil is discussed.     

‘Land yes,dam no!’ Justice-seeking strategies by the anti-dam movement in the Ribeira Valley,Brazil

This contribution examines how and with what effects the Movement of People Threatened by Dams (MOAB) in the Ribeira Valley, Brazil, works at various scales simultaneously. It is argued that MOAB was kicked off by mobilising Afro-descendants around livelihood issues, and that one of the first anti-dam strategies was to claim quilombola recognition and land rights at the state level. MOAB soon expanded its network and broadened its agenda to include procedural justice, targeting federal and international agencies for recourse. The paper concludes that MOAB has successfully used different scales for framing, mobilisation and action, which has contributed to the dam project being put on hold for almost three decades.     

Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America

This paper investigates the landscape of state‐level adaptation planning in the United States. We answer three primary research questions: First, how are states planning for climate change? Second, who are states targeting for climate adaptation? Third, what tools are states using to motivate climate adaptation efforts? We develop and implement a coding scheme using Schneider and Ingram’s Social Construction Framework (SCF) to characterize variation in 2033 individual adaptation goals mentioned in all 14 American states with explicit adaptation plans. We use these data to understand the types of tools used to motivate different actors (governmental, private, nonprofit) to adapt to climate change. We find that the most frequent target of state adaptation planning is the state itself, which provides an opportunity to extend the SCF to a target group often not mentioned in public policy. Specifically, we find that states target themselves with mandates or tools designed to acquire information. Other stakeholders in adaptation are more likely to be the targets of capacity building tools. Private actors are the only population more likely to be targeted by incentives. The project expands the Social Construction Framework to include targets and tools of planning efforts. Practically, our article offers a methodology by which to compare the vastly heterogeneous efforts to adapt to climate change at the subnational level.