The strategies and proposals for ecological port construction in China

The rapid development of ports has caused serious environmental pollution in China. With the promotion of conservation culture recently, a brand-new developing pattern of port is brought forward, namely ecological port. The definition and conceptual model of ecological port were discussed in the beginning of this paper. Based on the analysis and comparison of experiences in environmental protection and construction of the advanced ecological ports in U.S.A., Japan, Australia, and U.K., the issues facing with ecological port development were discussed and corresponding countermeasures were suggested. The suggestions were mainly concerned with eco-port plan, environmental protection policies, index system development, port function and industry structure transformation, and development patterns for ecological port in China.     

Investigations into Enhancing Yersinia pestis Cells Viability following Environmental Sampling for Forensic Analysis

Following an intentional or accidental bio-warfare agent (BWA) release, environmental sample analysis is absolutely critical to determine the extent of contamination. When dealing with nonspore forming BWA (e.g., Yersinia pestis), retention of cell viability is central to such analyses. Even though significant advances have been achieved in DNA sequencing technologies, a positive identification of BWAs in environmental samples must be made through the ability of cells to form colony-forming units upon culturing. Inability to revive the cells between collection and analysis renders such studies inconclusive. Commercial kits designed to preserve the viability of pathogens contained within clinical samples are available, but many of them have not been examined for their ability to preserve samples containing suspected BWAs. The study was initiated to examine the applicability of commercial solutions aiding in retention of Y. pestis viability in samples stored under nonpermissive temperatures, that is, 40 and 37°C. While none of the tested solutions sustained cell viability at 40°C, the results show five out of 17 tested preservatives were capable of supporting viability of Y. pestis at 37°C.     

Don’t Call it Climate Populism: On Greta Thunberg’s Technocratic Ecocentrism

The growing popularity of Greta Thunberg has led an increasing number of pundits and scholars to consider her message to be an instance of ‘climate’ or ‘environmental’ populism. Following a qualitative content analysis of key speeches by the young activist, this paper challenges this view, and argues that her message is far from being a case of populism. On the contrary, it abides by a substantially different set of ideas that can be defined as technocratic ecocentrism. In particular, it is argued that rather than people-centrism, anti-elitism and vox populi, Greta Thunberg’s message is grounded on three different core ideas: ecocentrism, technocracy, and on the exaltation of the vox scientifica. However, whereas Thunberg’s technocratic ecocentrism is at odds with the foundations of the populist set of ideas, it shares a similar emphasis on monism, moralisation, a Manichean vision of the world, a critique of key features of the metapolitical status quo, and a tendency to personalisation.     

生态文明视域下的环境税收法治省思——从平移路径到并行路径

近年来,环境税收法治的结晶集中体现为环境费改税与环境税立法。要评估环境税收法治在生态文明建设中的表现,庇古税原理是重要标尺之一。由此观之,由于未能严格秉持庇古税原理进行设计,立法者在生态文明建设和政治文明建设任务"竞合"且时间紧迫的情况下,选择了一条成本最小的"平移路径",导致环境税成了迷你版环境税,环境税立法也未能与整个税制的"生态化"统筹起来。对此,应全面、正确理解庇古税理论,统筹环境税法与整个税法制度"生态化"两路并进,不仅从征税范围、税率结构、税收优惠、税权配置等方面完善《环境保护税法》,而且同步优化相关税制,以环境税收法治并行路径来积极推进生态文明建设。     

司法裁判中的不可量物侵权归责模式研究——基于动态系统论的视角

在法律法规明确规定环境侵权适用无过错责任的情况下,实务中特殊侵权向一般侵权逃匿的做法屡见不鲜,亟待厘清环境管制标准和损害之间的关系。侵权责任的成立可以损害的满足度为切入点,借助动态系统论在过错程度之间形成弹性化的评价体系。当受保护法益为绝对权时,按照特殊侵权处理,证明排污行为与损害之间存在因果关系即可,是否违反管制性规范不影响侵权责任的成立;当受保护法益为纯粹精神损害或纯粹经济损失时,必须以过错的满足度加以补偿,是否违反管制性规范成为侵权责任是否成立的关键因素,合规抗辩成立。     

我国环境污染现状与解决建议

随着工业化和城市化的大规模迅速发展,由环境污染和生态破坏所造成的环境侵权现象及其救济将成为今后我国的一大社会问题.而环境污染造成的环境侵权作为侵权行为的一种特殊类型,是国内尚未展开深入、系统研究的领域,有关立法也很不完善.因此,在借鉴西方发达国家的实践经验的基础上,探讨和研究有效解决环境污染损害纠纷的解决途径和完善机制,既是保护人们的合法权益的现实需要,也对环境法制的发展具有极其重要的意义.     

环境问题与政府责任——基于环境政治学的视角

中国经济持续高速增长的同时带来了严重的环境问题。环境问题已成为影响人们生命财产安全与社会和谐发展、诱发群体性突发事件和政治冲突、威胁国家政治系统稳定的重要因素,这就决定了政府在解决环境问题中必须扮演主导性角色。因此,政府要制定符合公众诉求的环境公共物品的质量标准,加大科技环保投入,建立公众环境权益维护和保障机制,加强对环境的治理,促使社会环境与政治发展互利共赢。     

Resisting the New State: Peasants and Pastoralists in Iran, 1921-41

This article examines the responses of the rural poor, both settled peasants and pastoral nomads, to the upheavals unleashed in the Iranian countryside by Riza Shah's adoption of a programme of authoritarian state-building and rapid modernization. The article shows how, contrary to the conventional assumptions of rural passivity held by both Western scholarship and Iranian nationalism, peasant and nomad communities in fact generated a variety of active responses to the regime's initiatives, both on their own account and in combination with other social forces, aimed at defending themselves and resisting unfavourable changes in their relations with landlords and state officials.     

Environmentalism of the malcontent: anatomy of an anti-coal power plant struggle in Turkey

This paper introduces the concept of the ‘environmentalism of the malcontent’ to characterise a type of environmental activism that is increasingly common in Turkey. It illustrates its argument by analysing the resistance movement against the proposed Gerze coal power plant. By so doing, it problematises the relationship between class and environmental consciousness as well as the ability of the existing literature to accurately characterise the underlying motivation of movements against development projects. It shows that the mobilisation in Gerze was not rooted only or primarily in environmental concerns but animated by disaffection with, among other things, neoliberal developmentalism, disregard of democratic policy-making and violent suppression of societal dissent by the state. ‘Environmentalism of the malcontent’ describes the way in which long-lasting dissatisfaction with broader processes marking the development trajectory of the country combined with personal experience in radical political action enabled a group of urban, mostly retired, residents of Gerze to successfully collaborate with peasant activists against the construction of the power plant by deploying arguments regarding its potential negative environmental impact.     

中俄贸易的硬环境分析

回顾１０年来中俄贸易的发展历程．我们既看到了中俄贸易所取得的可喜成就、也发现了中俄贸易中仍存在诸多问题。影响和制约中俄贸易进一步发展的因素很多．而环境因素则是其中最基本、也是最重要的因素之一。目前．无论是政府、企业还是学术界．对中俄贸易的环境还缺少充分的、深入的和全方位的认识和了解。本文对中俄贸易的硬环境进行了分析．概括了中俄贸易硬环境的现状与问题。对于硬环境的分析主要集中于运输条件、通讯条件和口岸建设这三个主要方面。由于我们对中方情况都较为熟悉．本文故将重点放在了对俄方的硬环境分析上。以使我们对中俄贸易环境有一个更清晰、更真实的了解。