我国地方政府环境治理绩效分析

随着我国的生态资源环境压力持续增加,环境污染事件频发,我国地方政府的环境治理已经初见成效,但也存在着环境治理低效率的问题。多种原因导致了地方政府环境治理低效。地方政府可以从完善环境考核等方面加强地方环境治理。     

Air, water, and surface bacterial contamination in a university-hospital autopsy room

Today, little is known about the bacteriological environment of the autopsy room and its potential interest for medico-legal practices. Seven hundred fifty microbiological samples were taken from surface (n = 660), air (n = 48), and water (n = 42) to evaluate it in a French University Forensic Department. Median bacterial counts were compared before and during autopsy for air samples, and before and after autopsy for surface samples, using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Bacterial identification relied on traditional phenotypic methods. Bacterial counts in the air were low before autopsy, increased significantly during procedure, and seemed more linked to the number of people in the room than to an important production of aerosol-containing bacteria. Despite cleaning, human fecal flora was omnipresent on surfaces, which revealed insufficient disinfection. Bacteriological sampling is an easy way to monitor cleaning practices in postmortem rooms, but chiefly a way to improve the reliability of medico-legal proofs of infectious deaths.     

环境激发吗啡CPP复燃大鼠杏仁核PSD-95的表达

目的检测吗啡条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)复燃大鼠杏仁核突触后致密质-95(PSD-95)的表达,探讨其在吗啡成瘾中对记忆的影响。方法 SD大鼠32只,随机分为吗啡依赖组(MD)、吗啡CPP消退组(ME)、环境激发组(MR)和对照组(N)。建立吗啡CPP模型,自然消退后,通过环境诱发CPP复燃,应用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法,观察检测激发组大鼠杏仁核PSD-95蛋白和mRNA表达,并与依赖组、消退组、对照组进行比较。结果吗啡CPP环境激发组、吗啡CPP消退组和对照组比较,杏仁核PSD-95的表达明显增加,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01);吗啡依赖组与对照组比较,PSD-95的表达明显降低,具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论吗啡CPP环境激发组大鼠杏仁核PSD-95表达明显增高,PSD-95可能参与了成瘾记忆。     

试论生态城市环境补偿制度

生态城市是城市区域内各要素能够保持和谐统一、持续发展的人类聚居区。环境补偿是生态城市建设、运营的保障制度。本文界定了生态城市环境补偿含义,论述了环境补偿的理论基础,分析了我国生态城市环境补偿立法与实践存在的问题,提出了完善我国生态城市环境补偿法律制度的建议。     

环境犯罪法益之研究

环境犯罪,是在新形势下频发的一种犯罪形式,也是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物。关于该种犯罪,各国都在其法律中规定了打击方式和杜绝形式,我国也在1997年《刑法》第六章中规定了相关罪名。但是,这还不能完全适应科学发展观大背景下我国环境保护与资源节约的现实,这就需要从理论角度对完善环境刑事法规提供借鉴。目前,学者们对该类犯罪的范围、主体、责任等研究较多,但对其客体,即法益研究较少且成果不一,文章就此展开论述,并提出环境犯罪的法益为国家的生态安全权和公民的生态安全权,为完善环境刑事犯罪体系提供立法思路。     

中德环境污染犯罪立法比较研究

环境污染犯罪是当今世界各国普遍关注的一种环境犯罪类型,德国在这方面的立法较为先进。通过比较中德环境污染犯罪的立法,可以为我国的立法完善带来启示。为了有效预防、惩治环境污染犯罪,我国有必要借鉴德国立法经验,在环境污染犯罪法律规定模式、保护法益、主客观成罪条件、证明方法及处罚等方面进行改革和完善。     

论环境收入税

环境税主要包括收回成本型环境税、提供刺激型环境税和增加收入型环境税三种类型,而环境收入税是增加收入型环境税的主要税种。为贯彻"受益者付费原则",我国在开征排污税、污染产品税等环境税的同时,也应开征环境收入税。环境收入税应以在我国境内从事生产、经营活动并取得销售(营业)收入的的单位和个人作为其纳税义务人,以应税收入为其计税依据,适用税率为比例税率。     

Designing the United Nations Environment Programme: a story of compromise and confrontation

The role of the United Nations in global environmental governance was determined in 1972 when a new international body for the global environment was created as a programme within the United Nations rather than as an autonomous specialized agency. A set of political dynamics between developed and developing countries led to the decisions on the functions, form, financing, and location of the new intergovernmental organization—the United Nations Environment Programme. This article traces the historical roots of these choices and exposes the motivations behind them.

论再生产与环境保护法制建设

面临全球严重的环境问题,传统再生产理论中四个环节已出现局限性。新的再生产理论发展为以生态设计为起点,经过生产、分配、交换、消费,到最后循环处理,符合热力学定律和生态规律,促进经济发展与环境保护双赢。环保法制建设要在再生产全过程中落实。