Reforming security industry training standards: an Australian case study

ABSTRACT

This article critiques recent developments in training in the Australian security industry. Regulation of the industry is state- and territory-based, with eight jurisdictions enacting purpose-built legislation. Training was a key area of reform in the 1990s and early 2000s, but standards remained fragmented until 2008 when the Committee of Australian Governments agreed on a national competency framework to be implemented by 2010. However, despite the adoption of a common curriculum for core security tasks, the project derailed spectacularly in terms of consistency of standards, as revealed by a number of major inquiries and associated sources. This article analyses the reasons for this situation and recommends an alternative model to optimise competency standards in security work that includes much greater specificity in hours of instruction and in teaching and assessment methods. The lessons from this study have wider application given that deficits in security training appear to be a common problem internationally.     

脑钠尿肽的表达调控机制及其法医学应用

脑钠尿肽是主要由心肌细胞分泌的钠尿肽类激素,通常在心肌细胞受到牵拉时产生,具有利钠、利尿、舒张血管、调节血压等功能。临床上BNP是反映心功能的重要指标之一,近年的研究表明,BNP在法医学中对心源性猝死的诊断也具有十分重要的价值。本文综述了BNP的分子结构、表达调控及法医学应用的进展。     

Law clinics in England and Wales: a regulatory black hole

There has been very limited consideration to date of how the regulatory environment in England and Wales impacts on university law clinics and the solicitors who run them. This paper sets out the current regulatory framework pertaining to university law clinics and explains the restrictions and limitations it poses. It highlights the current failure on the part of the regulators to meet their statutory duty to promote access to justice in relation to university pro bono services and sets out a series of recommendations as to how clinicians and regulators can secure a more certain and enabling future for clinics.     

A Block-Level Analysis of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries and Crime in the City of Los Angeles

The liberalization of marijuana laws may have implications for neighborhood crime insofar as the distribution of marijuana through a dispensary system may provide additional opportunities for criminal behavior to take place. This project fills an important gap in the scant literature on medical marijuana dispensaries and neighborhood crime rates by integrating perspectives from environmental criminology and social organization theories in investigating the dispensary-crime nexus through interaction models and flexibly assessing dispensaries’ relationship to crime at different spatial scales. This study found the placement of a medical marijuana dispensary in the previous year to be associated with crime rate change, in both the block and the surrounding area, over and above predictor variables drawn from social organization theory. And, this study’s interaction models suggest that marijuana dispensaries may increase crime rates on socially organized blocks, with such blocks potentially experiencing a slight perturbation in their ecological continuity from a dispensary’s establishment.     

New directions in information technology law: learning from human–computer interaction

ABSTRACT

Effectively regulating the domestic Internet of Things (IoT) requires a turn to technology design. However, the role of designers as regulators still needs to be situated. By drawing on a specific domain of technology design, human–computer interaction (HCI), we unpack what an HCI-led approach can offer IT law. By reframing the three prominent design concepts of provenance, affordances and trajectories, we offer new perspectives on the regulatory challenges of the domestic IoT. Our HCI concepts orientate us towards the social context of technology. We argue that novel regulatory strategies can emerge through a better understanding of the relationships and interactions between designers, end users and technology. Accordingly, closer future alignment of IT law and HCI approaches is necessary for effective regulation of emerging technologies.     

Belgian regional parliaments and the European Union: an analysis of parliamentary scrutiny in agricultural and environmental policies

ABSTRACT

Drawing on qualitative case studies of two specific European decision-making processes in the agricultural and environmental sectors, this paper discusses how and why Belgian regional parliaments activated (or not) their control mechanisms to scrutinise their respective regional ministers. The findings show that parliamentary scrutiny of the agricultural and environmental policy fields has undergone a process of institutional and behavioural Europeanisation. Belgian regional parliaments rely mostly on classical parliamentary tools aimed at gathering information and, to a lesser extent, on constraining instruments aimed at influencing their government. Rather than trying to influence the EU negotiations, the MPs try to assess the potential impact of the reforms on their regional policy sectors. The findings also demonstrate that domestic media coverage and political salience of the EU negotiation associated with important implementing powers of regional parliaments have a positive effect on the level of scrutiny conducted by Belgian regional assemblies.     

代孕行为之民法思考

代孕技术作为现代科技发展的成果,为不孕夫妇带来了福音,同时也给社会伦理道德和法律制度带来了冲击.不孕夫妇的生育权和代理母亲的身体权为代孕行为提供了合法性基础,代孕协议使代孕行为权利义务关系更加确定.法律不应对代孕行为一味禁止,而应当面对问题合理规制,发挥其公益性初衷,遏制其危害性.     

法律控制的成本分析——以对通奸和黄色短信的法律控制为例

受国家支付能力的限制,法律控制的范围不应过度扩展。在理论上,法律控制的合理边界应当确定在边际控制收益与边际控制成本恰好相等的位置上。因此,为了节省公共资源的投入,国家就要被迫限定法律的控制的范围,甚至会有意保留一些法律空白,许多有害行为因此可以"逍遥法外"。通奸和手机传播黄色短信就属此类有害行为。     

论竞业限制协议泛化适用的法律规制 ——以不可避免披露原则的引入为中心

竞业限制协议的泛化适用不利于劳动者权益保护和科技创新发展，而当前我国竞业限制协议泛化 适用问题非常严重，亟须予以规制。“负有保密义务的人员”的理解与适用偏差、竞业限制的保护客体界定不清、 司法审查偏重形式是竞业限制协议泛化适用的重要原因。不可避免披露原则作为一种法定利益衡量机制可以有效 平衡商业秘密保护与离职员工自由择业，根据我国现实司法情况及具体法律制度对其进行适当限制，并以一种合 理的适用途径引入我国，可以很好地解决竞业限制协议泛化适用问题。     

信息社会警察执法权力规制

信息社会的到来使得警察执法权力受到了多方面的质疑与严苛的审视,且警察机关的信息优势也丧失,这在客观上要求提高警察执法质量,而提高警察执法质量的重要手段是警察机关主动回应挑战,从程序和实体两个方面对警察执法权力予以规制,保证其在合法且合理的范围内行使。