Typeability of AmpFlSTR SGM Plus loci in brain and thyroid gland tissue samples incubated in different environments

Autolysis and putrefaction are crucial factors responsible for degradation of cells, tissues, and organs. Postmortem changes may assume different course depending on extrinsic and intrinsic conditions. The aim of the study was assessment of environmental effect on typeability of AmpFlSTR SGM Plus loci: D3S1358, VWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D81179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01, FGA, and gender marker amelogenin. Brain and thyroid gland tissue specimens collected during autopsies of five persons aged 20-30 years were incubated at 21 degrees C and 4 degrees C in different environmental conditions. DNA was extracted by organic method from tissue samples collected in 7-day intervals and subsequently typed using AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit and ABI 310. A fast decrease in typeability rate was seen in specimens incubated in peat soil and in sand. Brain tissue samples were typeable in all AmpFlSTR SGM Plus loci within 126 days of incubation at 4 degrees C. Faster DNA degradation was recorded in thyroid gland specimens. In samples with negative genotyping results, no DNA was found by fluorometric quantitiation.     

附条件不起诉考察制度的构建探析——在《刑事诉讼法》修正案和比较法研究双重视角下

2012年初,《刑事诉讼法》修正案正式通过,附条件不起诉制度在我国刑事诉讼程序中获得正式确认。但修正案中就附条件不起诉制度仅做了原则性规定,尚需由最高人民检察院制定细则予以规范。文章试图对附条件不起诉制度中的考察制度进行探讨,通过与德国、日本、美国、我国台湾地区等近似制度的比较分析,从考察的主体、内容、期限、配套机制及处理结果等方面,大胆提出考察制度架构的设想,以为在实践中规范适用附条件不起诉制度提出建议。     

构成要件的重新解读——以“类型”为考察视角

当下,在刑法学诸多思考方法中,类型思考方法日益被学者重视。类型具有价值导向性,类型思考不单是一种简单的逻辑推理,而是一种复杂的价值认知过程。将类型思维引入构成要件论领域,无疑会深化学界对构成要件的理解。首先,构成要件的价值性特征得到普遍承认;其次,实行行为透过类型思维统一了作为与不作为;最后,实行行为局限在具有类型性危险的范围之内。     

Voices heard and unheard – A Scandinavian perspective

Children's rights to participate in legal processes concerning them have been a key policy issue for the Scandinavian legislators during recent decades. From the 1980s, there have been frequent amendments to the law to secure the position of the child. Despite numerous provisions stating the right of the child to express his or her views and for these to be considered before decisions are taken, there are continuing obstacles to full recognition of children as legal subjects. Too often children's voices are not heard or not heeded. This article explores the reasons for this and argues that the ambition to promote equal parenthood is one reason for the failure to give the child's views real impact on decision-making in matters concerning children.     

论我国担保法中的先诉抗辩权制度

我国现行<担保法>承大陆法传统,设定了先诉抗辩权制度,规定了保证人先诉抗辩权适格条件、法律效果及适用限制等,具有一定的可操作性;对于平衡保证合同当事各方权利义务、稳定我国社会经济生活关系,具有重要意义.     

认罪认罚从宽制度中律师有效辩护的实现路径

律师的有效辩护是认罪认罚从宽程序得以正当运行的必要条件,是确保犯罪嫌疑人、被告人认罪认罚的自愿性,帮助其与检察机关进行量刑协商,为其争取最大限度量刑优惠的关键。然而在司法实践中,认罪认罚案件中律师的辩护效果不甚理想。为了实现律师在认罪认罚从宽程序中的有效辩护,需要厘清司法实践中律师有效辩护的现实阻碍,并结合认罪认罚从宽制度所特有的程序机制,通过适当转变律师的辩护策略、完善值班律师制度、建立控辩平等的量刑协商程序以及完善律师辩护权利的救济机制等措施,来推动实现律师在认罪认罚案件中的有效辩护。     

Does the economy really matter for satisfaction with democracy? Longitudinal and cross-country evidence from the European Union

Research focusing on the relationship between the economy and satisfaction with democracy often presents mixed results. This article argues that this uncertainty is mainly due to model specification, number of surveys and measurement. After discussing why the role of the economy should not be overlooked, by using an empirical strategy that applies Bayesian cross-classified mixed models to 572 national surveys in 28 European countries from 1973 to 2013 drawn from the Eurobarometer, it is shown that objective macro-economic indicators and a subjective indicator seem to substantially affect citizens’ satisfaction with democracy in Europe. The findings are robust when controlling for various institutional and political variables and using alternative model specifications.     

Working Overtime in East Asia: Convergence or Divergence?

Working long hours has become a routinised part of life in East Asia. The different patterns of overtime across this region are understudied, however. This study represents a first systematic attempt to analyse overtime and its determinants in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China by testing hypotheses that specify the distinctive influences of employment status and job contracts on work hours. Class exploitation, post-industrialism and flexibility theories are mobilised to identify distinctive but supplementary factors in long working hours. Using data from a recent four-country survey, a Tobit regression analysis of full-time workers’ hours reveals that employers and self-employed people work longer hours than hired workers across this region. Despite this convergence, there is a contrast across occupations. In Japan, overtime is positively associated with occupational prestige, while a reverse pattern operates in China, where low-skilled workers work more overtime. Contract workers in the private sector in South Korea and China also have longer overtime when compared to public sector employees. In sum, this study highlights more divergence than convergence of working conditions within East Asia.     

适用刑事和解化解矛盾纠纷工作机制探讨

建立健全贯彻宽严相济刑事司法政策的检察工作机制和办案方式,在办理刑事案件中强化化解矛盾的工作。     

论平等权权利冲突的理论问题

平等权权利冲突在我国目前屡见不鲜,是一个现实的急待探讨的问题。其表现在不同的权利主体、权利自身因素、不同法律价值诉求、立法与立法之间。而平等权是一个自创生的系统,由于平等权权利冲突导致其自创生力下降的原因是多方面的、是一种机制,所以,体制的完善、经济的全面发展、法律意识的提高和健康平等权心态就是平等权权利冲突的平衡路径。