UPOV1991实质性派生品种保护规则及启示

实质性派生品种保护规则是UPOV1991新规定的内容之一,也是UPOV1991应对生物育种技术发展的一项有力措施。通过实质性派生品种保护规则,UPOV1991将品种权保护范围延伸至受保护品种的实质性派生品种,既强化了对原始品种育种者利益的保护,减少了植物育种创新剽窃的发生,也实现了原始品种权人与实质性派生品种权人的利益平衡。研究实质性派生品种保护规则,对于中国决定何时加入UPOV1991,如何在生物育种技术背景下激励育种创新能力的提高,确保中国种业的可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Development and Pilot of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment

Trauma‐informed practices in the juvenile justice system are increasingly recognized as effective for promoting public safety through case management, rehabilitation, and treatment that is responsive to a traumatic event exposure and current trauma reactions. As court systems explore integration of trauma‐informed practices, tools for identifying best practices and strategically implementing trauma‐informed approaches are integral for judges and court administrators aiming to develop trauma‐informed courts. The current paper reviews the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's development of the Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment (TI‐JCSA). Implications for self‐guided strategies to shift court practices and policies to align with trauma‐informed approaches will be discussed.     

财富、劳动、按生产要素分配--"社会主义建设者"的理论依据

中国市场化改革的进程必然触及对财富 ,劳动 ,按生产要素分配等的价值判断。党的十六大报告对此进行了科学论述 ,充分体现了解放思想和理论创新 ,这是对劳动价值论的新发展 ,同时也是“社会主义建设者”的理论依据。     

论违法性理论的应然位置

社会危害性概念与我国现有的犯罪构成体系之间存在着紧张关系,其根源在于社会危害性(实质违法性)被理解为犯罪的一个特征.我国现有的成立犯罪的理论实际上可以理解为"四要件体系一社会危害性"双层结构,但应将社会危害性的概念置换为法益侵害的概念,并且将之理解为犯罪成立的一个阶层(违法性阶层).此外,还需要醇化构成要件的概念、析出责任阶层.我国的犯罪构成理论应改造为"构成要件该当性-违法性-有责性"的三阶层体系.     

借鉴国外民主管理经验，牢固树立“以人为本”的现代企业管理思想

职工工参加民主管理,是社会化大生产和市场经济发展的一种世界性的潮流."以人为本"的管理思想在企业中的地位和作用越来越引起人们的关注,已成为当代企业管理理论与实践的主流.借鉴国外民主管理经验,对推动我国企业民主管理的发展,最大限度地调动职工积极性,促进企业改革、发展和稳定具有重要意义.     

论刑法司法中实质理性的实现

刑事立法将实质理性转化为形式理性,因此刑事司法中应遵循形式理性的要求。但鉴于形式理性之法存在着自身难以克服的局限性,故在刑事司法中决不能放弃对实质理性的追求。三大法系国家的刑事司法过程中都在追求和实现实质理性,只不过其方法或途径有所不同,英美法系国家有其独具特色的判例制度和陪审制度,大陆法系国家有其别具匠心的期待可能性理论与社会相当性理论,我国则在犯罪概念中明确规定了但书。     

浅析当代大学生犯罪特点、原因及控制对策

大学生是一个特殊的群体,这里不乏精英和骄子,他们代表着祖国的未来和希望,可是不经意的疏忽却使一些人触犯法律,身陷囹圄,不仅使父母、师长蒙羞,还断送了自己的前程.大学生犯罪的现象日益严重.给社会造成了重大损失,已成为不容忽视的法律问题、教育问题和社会问题,这些现象的出现决非偶然,研究当代大学生犯罪的特点、成因及如何预防减少大学生犯罪,已成为社会急需解决的重要问题.     

论国际投资协定下国有企业国民待遇的适用

国有企业已经稳定成为国际投资市场的参与者,因此可以从投资者身份去看待国有企业与相关规定适应状况。从国有企业是否是国际投资协定中投资者出发,可以初步判断其能否享有协定下国民待遇。但也存在着因为“相似情形”解释不明、根本例外条款内容不明等情况而无法实际享有国民待遇的情况。我国所签署的国际投资协定基本可以保障我国国有企业享有国民待遇,但仍然存在个别例外。为此,应当注意在国民待遇条款、根本例外条款制定时的细节问题。     

Tackling consumer vulnerability in energy and banking: towards a new approach

This article examines the new approach to vulnerability developed by Ofgem and the Financial Conduct Authority to see whether it has been implemented at company level and had an impact on the ombudsman. It sets out the context within which this approach has been developed and then looks at its implementation through two case studies. The main lesson from these case studies is that establishing a broad concept of vulnerability, as has been argued for in the academic literature, is just a first step. Operationalising the concept presents major challenges especially in the context of systems dealing with large numbers of consumers.     

The Charity Law: a Lever in Need of a Fulcrum

The Charity Law is a promotive law with the legislative intent to “develop charity cause”. It adopts the concept of “wide charity”, covering a broad area of philanthropy, including public fundraising, non-cash donation, charitable trust, information disclosure and transparency, and the promotion policies, which show the higher legislation level and high sense of involvement. However, without convergence with tax law, the essential concept of “charity” in The Charity Law may lack substantive legal connotation, pulling the promotive legislation intent into a vacancy or awkward situation called “chicken ribs”. To make The Charity Law enact as a promotion lever to charities, tax law revision is needed to clarify the tax-exemption implication for organizations, who in turn should improve their own cognition of public charity, and meanwhile, the legislative coordination inside the legislation system is necessary.