Chemical enhancement of footwear impressions in blood deposited on fabric — Evaluating the use of alginate casting materials followed by chemical enhancement

Most footwear marks made in blood on a surface such as fabric tend to be enhanced in situ rather than physically recovered using a lifting technique prior to enhancement. This work reports on the use of an alginate material to recover the impressed footwear marks made in blood and deposited on a range of fabric types and colours. The lifted marks were then enhanced using acid black 1 and leuco crystal violet with excellent results.This presents a new method for the lifting and recovery of blood impressions in situ from crime scene followed by subsequent mark enhancement of the lifted impression.     

Fatal Overdose of Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate Acid After Ingestion of 1,4‐Butanediol

We report a case of fatal intoxication from 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BD), which was ingested by a young and “naïve” gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) consumer during a party with the co‐ingestion of alcohol, cannabis, and methylene‐dioxy‐methamphetamine. The following drug concentrations were found using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry on autopsy samples and on a cup and a glass found at the scene: 20,350 mg/L (bottle) for 1,4‐BD; 1020 mg/L (femoral blood), 3380 mg/L (cardiac blood), 47,280 mg/L (gastric content), and 570 mg/L (vitreous humor) for GHB. The concentration of GHB is difficult to interpret in forensic cases due to the possibility of an endogenous production of GHB. The variable tolerance of the user may also modify the peri‐ and postmortem GHB concentrations. This case underscores the need to have many different sources of toxicology samples analyzed to avoid the hypothesis of endogenous production of GHB.     

新藤黄酸对人表皮癌细胞A431增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 观察新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对人表皮癌细胞A431增殖和凋亡的影响。〖JP〗方法 以体外培养的人表皮癌A431细胞株为研究对象,采用甲基噻唑基四唑检测GNA对A431细胞增殖活性的影响;倒置显微镜下观察GNA对A431细胞株细胞形态的影响;荧光显微镜下观察GNA对Hoechst 33342染色的A431细胞凋亡的影响;采用流式细胞仪检测膜联蛋白Ⅴ-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙碇双染的A431细胞的凋亡率。结果 随着GNA剂量的增大,GNA对A431细胞增殖活性的抑制作用增强。倒置显微镜和荧光显微镜下观察显示,GNA作用的A431细胞形态发生明显的变化并出现显著的凋亡特征。流式细胞仪检测显示A431细胞凋亡率随着GNA作用剂量的增大而升高。结论 0.75~12.0 μmol/L GNA能够剂量依赖性地抑制A431的增殖。     

Identification of Tool Marks of a Sickle on a Telephone Cable

Linkage of a cutting tool (a sickle) with a telephone cable of 100 pairs of copper wires is reported in a case of theft of a telephone cable. Telephone cables contain numerous insulated copper wires of small diameter inside an outer covering and are stolen for the relatively precious copper. The cutting pattern of the cable can only point to the type of the tool but because of the large number of copper wires, it is practically difficult to make a definite linkage with the tool used to cut the cable by comparing the tool marks. The present work reports the successful attempt of the authors in establishing a definite linkage of a stolen telephone cable with a sickle recovered from the suspects. Spot microchemical test was performed for detection of copper on the blade of the sickle, and then tool mark comparison was performed to link the tool marks on the metal strip inside the outer covering of the cable to the blade of the sickle.     

A TLC visualisation reagent for dimethylamphetamine and other abused tertiary amines

Application of citric acid/acetic anhydride reagent (CAR), a colour reagent selective for tertiary amines in solution, improves detection of abused tertiary amino drugs on the TLC plate. The plate is pretreated by a brief immersion in phosphoric acid/acetone solution to suppress colouration. After suppressing, the plate is sprayed with CAR and heated at 100 degrees C, causing tertiary amines to turn red purple within 3 minutes. The sensitivity of this new CAR method is 2.5 to 15-times greater than that of conventional detection with Dragendorff reagent for some of the tertiary amines dimethylamphetamine, methylephedrine, levomepromazine, chlorpromazine, caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and nicotine. This present method provides rapid TLC detection of abused tertiary amino drugs such as phenethylamine, phenothiazine, xanthine derivative, nicotine and narcotics.     

新藤黄酸诱导脑胶质瘤细胞U87自噬的研究

目的 观察不同浓度新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对脑胶质瘤细胞U87增殖及自噬的影响。方法 倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,采用噻唑蓝法检测细胞的存活率,单丹磺酰尸胺（monodansylcadaverine,MDC）染色法检测自噬泡的形成,吖啶橙（acridine orange,AO）染色流式细胞仪观察酸性囊泡细胞器的数量变化,Westernblot法检测自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3（microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3）- Ⅱ/LC3- Ⅰ以及Beclin- 1的表达变化。结果 GNA在1~32 μmol/L浓度范围抑制U87细胞的增殖;MDC染色表明GNA促进U87细胞内自噬泡的形成;AO染色表明GNA增加U87细胞内酸性囊泡细胞器的数量;Western blot结果显示,GNA作用U87细胞后,LC3- Ⅱ/LC3- Ⅰ比值增大,Beclin- 1的表达增加,提示细胞内自噬活性增强。结论 GNA在一定剂量和时间范围内抑制脑胶质瘤细胞U87细胞的增殖可能与诱导U87细胞自噬的发生有关。     

血尿酸水平与体质量、体质类型的相关性分析

目的分析不同尿酸(uricacid,UA)水平人群的中医体质类型分布状况及相关危险因素。方法选取4844例体检对象,对其年龄、婚姻状况、收入水平、体质量、UA和中医体质类型进行分析。根据UA水平,将受检者分为正常UA组和高UA组,并对有统计学意义的因素进行二分类Logistic回归分析。结果正常UA组与高UA组性别、婚姻状况、体质类型、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,以正常UA组为对照组,气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质者发生高UA的危险度增高[气虚质:OR值为1.097(95%CI为0.885~1.006,P=0.015);痰湿质:OR值为1.311(95%CI为1.007~1.708,P=0.045);湿热质:OR值为1.037(95%CI为0.822~1.307,P=0.022)]。超重、肥胖人群相比正常体质量人群,发生高UA的危险性分别增加145.7%(OR值为2.457,95%CI为2.089~2.889,P=0.000)、317.4%(OR值为4.174,95%CI为3.376~5.162,P=0.000)。结论痰湿质、气虚质、超重和肥胖是高UA血症的危险因素。     

新藤黄酸对黑色素瘤B16细胞凋亡的作用

目的 探讨新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞凋亡的影响。方法 用不同浓度的GNA培养B16细胞24 h,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法测定GNA对B16细胞增殖的抑制作用;荧光显微镜观察吖啶橙/溴化乙锭（acridine orange/ethidium bromide,AO/EB）染色后细胞凋亡;采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶双染,流式细胞仪检测B16细胞凋亡。结果 GNA作用B16细胞后,细胞的抑制率随着药物浓度的增加而升高;AO/EB染色荧光显微镜观察显示GNA处理的B16细胞出现了典型的凋亡特征;流式细胞仪检测显示GNA处理的B16细胞随着药物浓度的增大凋亡率随之上升。结论 GNA在一定的范围内,能够浓度和时间依赖性地通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的增殖。     

杨梅素混合胶束的研制及其体外表征研究

目的 研制载有杨梅素（myricetin,Myr）的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸（polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid, mPEG-PLA）/Pluronic F68混合胶束（mixed micelles,MMs),并对Myr-MMs进行表征及体外释放研究。方法 通过丙酮溶剂挥发法研制Myr-MMs,以单因素及L9(34)正交实验优化处方及其工艺;并对制得的载药MMs的粒径、Zeta电位、外观形态、包封率、载药量和体外释放进行研究。结果 最优处方制得的Myr-MMs的包封率为（84.65±0.98）%、载药量为（2.73±0.03）%;透射电镜下观察Myr-MMs呈球形或类球形、表面光滑、无粘连;粒径为（41.74±0.27）nm,多分散系数为0.115±0.004;Zeta电位为（－25.47±1.22）mV;体外释放研究发现,MMs体外释药过程近似符合Weibull释药模型：ln(ln(1/(1－Q/100)))=0.927 1lnt－2.057 6（r=0.953 8）。结论 利用丙酮溶剂挥发法成功研制了Myr-MMs,其成型好、粒径小、分布均匀,包封率和载药量均较高;且Myr经mPEG-PLA/Pluronic F68 包裹后其体外释放显示出一定的缓释效果。