反腐败视野中贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑模式的问题与出路--基于《刑法修正案（九）》的分析

以数额作为对贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑的主要标准，虽然直观明了，但过于僵化。《刑法修正案（九）》废除了这一标准，采用“数额与情节择一”的模式，将有利于解决罪刑失衡难题。以往的数额量刑标准难以跟上经济发展的社会现状，若继续采用这一标准势必要不断修改《刑法》，不利于保证《刑法》条文的稳定性，而采用弹性标准则可以克服此矛盾。在贪污受贿案件中，数额的因素只能作为计算罪量的一项参数指标，而情节的因素则理应通过贪污受贿犯罪的情节规定加以明确适用。同时，数额与情节在定罪量刑中的考量比重还需进一步明确。     

Factors associated with patterns of dating violence toward college women

This study hypothesized that female victims of force in dating relationships are erroneously considered a homogeneous group. Various patterns of dating violence, along the lines of frequency and severity, were hypothesized to be related to attitudinal and behavioral factors of the women in the dating relationship. Analyses of 48 female victims at a university campus revealed a number of differences between women with only one incident of force and women who were recipients of ongoing force. Females with ongoing violence were more likely to allow controlling behaviors by a male, had more controlling behaviors occur toward them generally in dating relationships, reported higher levels of commitment and love toward a romantic partner, and experienced a higher frequency of controlling behaviors in the actual relationship where physical force occurred. Females with ongoing violence in which the abuse lasted for a longer period of time were less likely to end the relationship due to the occurrence of abuse. Earlier onset of the first physical incident in a dating relationship was related to more traditional attitudes toward women's roles, more likelihood of using justifications for abuse, romanticizing relationships, and a likelihood of endorsing stronger attitudes of love in these female victims than when onset occurred later for other women. Women who ended the relationship because of physical force experienced more controlling behaviors by the male in the relationship than women who did not end the relationship for that reason. Further research needs to investigate the decision-making processes and interpretations of the females involved regarding the presence of abuse in the dating relationships.     

Changing patterns of income among blacks and whites before and after executive order 11246

Some suggest that affirmative action has contributed to the widening gap between better-off and worse-off blacks. Analyses of census data challenge the claim.     

马克思对社会交往类型的研究

马克思是社会交往理论的创立者,他对人类社会交往的类型即内部交往、外部交往和世界交往作了广泛研究。内部交往是民族或国家内部的交往,外部交往是民族或国家间的交往,世界交往则是东西方各民族和国家之间的普遍交往。     

论我国行政法发展的分析模式

模式分析方法是推进我国行政法向纵深发展的新方法。构成分析中国行政法发展的模式主要有:国家行政与公共行政、单向与双向、权力与关系、消极与积极、制约与激励。中国行政法发展趋势是:以公共行政作为行政法调整对象、以双向作为行政权力作用方式、以关系作为行政法学研究分析视角、以积极作为行政相对人对行政主体的作用和以制约与激励机制的有机整合作为行政法机制。     

Determination of Fracture Patterns in Glass and Glassy Polymers,

The study of fractures of glass, glassy‐type materials, and plastic has long been of interest to the forensic community. The focus of this interest has been the use of glass and polymer fractures to associate items of evidence under the assumption that each fracture is different. Generally, it is well‐accepted that deviations exist; however, the emphasis has been on classifying and predicting fracture rather than determining that each fracture is different. This study documented the controlled fracture patterns of 60 glass panes, 60 glass bottles, and 60 plastic tail light lens covers using both dynamic impact and static pressure methods under closely controlled conditions. Each pattern was intercompared, and based on the limited specimens tested in this study, the results illustrate that the fracture patterns are different. Further repetitive studies, under controlled conditions, will be needed to provide more statistical significance to the theory that each fracture forms a nonreproducible fracture pattern.     

An Impact Velocity Device Design for Blood Spatter Pattern Generation with Considerations for High‐Speed Video Analysis,

A mechanical device that uses gravitational and spring compression forces to create spatter patterns of known impact velocities is presented and discussed. The custom‐made device uses either two or four springs (k₁ = 267.8 N/m, k₂ = 535.5 N/m) in parallel to create seventeen reproducible impact velocities between 2.1 and 4.0 m/s. The impactor is held at several known spring extensions using an electromagnet. Trigger inputs to the high‐speed video camera allow the user to control the magnet's release while capturing video footage simultaneously. A polycarbonate base is used to allow for simultaneous monitoring of the side and bottom views of the impact event. Twenty‐four patterns were created across the impact velocity range and analyzed using HemoSpat. Area of origin estimations fell within an acceptable range (ΔX_av = ?5.5 ± 1.9 cm, ΔY_av = ?2.6 ± 2.8 cm, ΔZ_av = +5.5 ± 3.8 cm), supporting distribution analysis for the use in research or bloodstain pattern training. This work provides a framework for those interested in developing a robust impact device.     

Latent Fingermark Aging Patterns (Part I): Minutiae Count as One Indicator of Degradation

The authors are exploring degradation patterns of latent fingermarks over time which can be quantitatively determined in a predictable manner by visual means. Several physical degradation parameters for assessing this hypothesis are evaluated. This article analyzes the parameter “minutiae count” as a function of time. Experiment variables included were secretion type (sebaceous‐rich and eccrine‐rich), substrate (glass and plastic), and exposure to light (dark, shade, and direct light). Depositions were sequentially visualized with Titanium Dioxide powder over a period of 6 months, photographed, and number of minutiae recorded. Results revealed a significant decrease of minutiae for eccrine‐rich marks on glass but insignificant for sebaceous‐rich marks on the same surface. However, significant degradation was observed for both types of secretions on plastic. The authors conclude that the distinctive prevalence of minutiae changes over time indicates with a high degree of certainty the hypothesis is valid and deserves additional exploration.     

农村住房所有权及宅基地使用权转让的理论思考

农村住房所有人依法有权转让其住房。作为完整的用益物权，宅基地使用权也包括处分权能，但含义不同于所有权中的处分权能。住房所有权与宅基地所有权或使用权转让有同类型；折中主义下的转让，也有不同情形。在我国部分地区可以进行农村住房所有权与宅基地使用权合一自由转让的试点工作。我国历史上有农村住房所有权与宅基地使用权的转让，现实中也大量存在。