Trisomy 21 disclosure using STR and SNP markers typed by MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System

The presence of a tri-allelic pattern at a single locus in a multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) profile is a rarely observable event. Generally, based on peak height measured by the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method and combination of alleles, the tri-allelic pattern is distinguishable into two predominant types: type 1 and 2, which are caused, respectively, by somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. When tri-allelic patterns at more than one STR located on the same chromosome are detected, there is a reasonable suspicion of a trisomy due to an extra copy of a chromosome. Therefore, information on the type of three-band pattern is usually limited to STRs localized on the same chromosome included in the forensic kit in use and sometimes in insufficient numbers to classify this event correctly. The opportunity to extend this evaluation to additional markers, such as SNPs detectable using NGS, has not yet been explored. In this study, using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, two cases of autosomal aneuploidy were revealed on chromosome 21, relying not only on STRs assessment but also extending the analysis to the five identity-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (iiSNPs) localized on chromosome 21.     

公共服务理念下的治理变革——上海行政审批制度改革的实践及其引发的思考

公共服务理念是当代政府管理的内在价值取向,这已在政府管理实践中达成共识,在这一理念的支撑下,政府管理模式和行为逻辑都在渐进转变。本文以行政审批制度为切入点,以发达地区上海作为分析对象,针对其行政审批制度改革的发展历程和现状,归纳其特点和规律,探寻其公共服务价值的实践意义,并对改革过程中产生的问题进行深入思考。     

警察历史研究论要

“以史为鉴,面向未来”是警察历史研究的意义,历史与逻辑相统一是其主要研究方法。警学基础理论研究警察的历史及发展阶段,目的在于揭示警察现象产生、存在、发展的历史进程和客观规律,借以指导和推动警察现代化建设。在影响警察历史演变的过程中,社会组织形式、社会精英的利益和社会对犯罪与混乱的认识三个因素制约着誓务的发展。     

Friends with(out) benefits: co-offending and re-arrest

Research shows that co-offending has contradictory effects on rates of re-arrest. On the one hand, group offending may be riskier: for example, co-offenders might be targeted by police or might snitch to protect themselves. Criminal networks may also have indirect effects: offenders embedded in criminal networks commit more offences and thus should have a higher risk of being arrested at some point. On the other hand, networks generate steady criminal opportunities with relatively low risk of arrest and high monetary benefits (e.g. drug trafficking). Few authors have empirically explored the relation between co-offending and re-arrest. This article does so using data from seven years of arrest records in the province of Quebec, Canada. The analysis is designed to explore why some offenders are re-arrested after an initial arrest while others are not. It focuses on the factors involved in re-arrest, considering two distinct levels of measures of co-offending. The first level of analysis takes into account a situational measure that indicates whether a given offence was committed by co-offenders (group offence). The second level is used to examine whether being part of a criminal network influences re-arrest. For offenders embedded in such networks, two network features (degree centrality and clustering coefficient) show that the global position of individuals within the Quebec arrest network are analysed. Our results suggest that co-offending is a crucial factor that should be taken into account when looking at the odds of being caught again. The use of generalised linear mixed model brings interesting nuances about the impact of co-offending. The article adds to the recently growing literature on the link between networks and criminal careers.     

区际法律冲突中判决的承认与执行问题研究

“一国两制”伟大构想的付诸实践 ,使我国形成了独特的“一国两制三法系四法域”共存共荣的局面 ,也衍生了一系列的问题 ,其中区际法律冲突问题尤为突出。我国目前判决承认和执行的区际司法协助的现状落后而混乱。因此 ,有必要在坚持维护祖国统一等原则下 ,对判决承认和执行的区际司法协助的模式予以重新设计     

中国检察权建构模式下的实践形态反思

关于我国检察权的性质存在多种学说,将其定位于法律监督权属于目前较为统一的看法。在我国的权力建构模式下,检察权若作为法律监督权,在规范层面,将面临很多法律层面的缺位情况。在实际运行层面,则存在着法律监督被放置于刑事诉讼监督、行政机关掌控检察机关的资源、检察权宪法权能与法律权能运行不协调、公诉权是否属于法律监督权等解释难题。     

公安英语口语语篇分析

公安英语口语主要是指公安人员在实施涉外管理中所用到的英语口语。按照公安人员接触外国人的类型把公安英语口语划分为两类,即公安人员接触非违法外国人时所用的口语和公安人员接触违法外国人时所用的口语。在衔接手段、主位推进模式和语域一致三个方面,这两类公安英语口语语篇有其特点和规律,公安院校提高英语口语教学质量和在职外事公安人员英语口语能力时必须注意这些特点和规律。