进行道德启蒙教育要遵循儿童身心发展规律

儿童早期品德的形成和发展,是每个人品德形成和发展的基础.对儿童进行良好的道德启蒙教育,是一个人能否健康成长的关键.但儿童的发展有其自身发展的规律,进行道德启蒙教育必须符合儿童身心发展的内在需求.     

On the Origins of the Violent Neighborhood: A Study of the Nature and Predictors of Crime‐Type Differentiation across Chicago Neighborhoods

Little of the literature on crime at the neighborhood level examines whether and why some crime types predominate in a given neighborhood over other types. Many macro‐level theories do make predictions about the sort of crimes that occur in some neighborhoods, although they remain largely untested. This study focuses on one of these theories, differential opportunity, and its predictions about the making of violent neighborhoods. Drawing on various data sources, this inquiry determines whether crime profiles differ across Chicago neighborhoods—that is, whether there is significant variation across neighborhoods on ratio of violent crimes to other crime types. Next, it also investigates whether the structural factors implicated in the differential opportunity perspective distinguish these neighborhoods or only predict the incidence of crime. The results reveal significant differences in the distribution of crimes across neighborhoods, as well as show that certain factors identify neighborhoods that favor violence over other crimes.     

保险诈骗罪初探

随着保险事业的发展,保险诈骗犯罪多发,为了更好的预防、打击保险诈骗犯罪,文章从保险诈骗罪的构成特征、犯罪形态、共犯、罪数等方面进行了分析,从而更好的认识、预防保险诈骗犯罪。     

Evaluation of the cognitive intervention programme ‘A New Direction’ targeting young offenders in Sweden

The treatment of offenders has changed from focusing on risk management to also emphasizing salutogenic experiences as a protective factor. The programme ‘A New Direction’ involves cognitive intervention combining the above-mentioned approaches to treat young criminals and young persons at risk of developing a criminal lifestyle. In evaluating this programme, 61 participants from the Swedish social services and youth care facilities were divided into two treatment groups and two control groups. All participants were subjected to pre- and post-measurements using two questionnaires: the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). The two treatment groups followed the programme during one week and 9–30 weeks, respectively, with the control groups measured at approximately the corresponding time intervals. The results show reduced PICTS from high to low levels and increased SOC only for the multi-week treatment group. Although the recidivism analysis revealed a greater reduction of convicted offences in the multi-week treatment group compared with the control group, the finding is tentative because of small sample sizes. To conclude, cognitive intervention shows promise for reducing criminal thinking patterns and increasing sense of coherence, which may have beneficial effects on the behaviour of young offenders.     

Magazine Influence on Cartridge Case Ejection Patterns with Glock Pistols

In this study, the cartridge case ejection patterns of six different Glock model pistols (one specimen per model) were compared under three conditions: firing with a loaded magazine, an empty magazine, and without magazine. The distances, covered by the ejected cartridge cases given these three conditions, were compared for each of the six models. A significant difference was found between the groups of data for each of the tested specimens. This indicates that it is important that, to reconstruct a shooting scene incident based on the ejection patterns of a pistol, test shots are fired with the same pistol type and under the correct magazine condition.     

保险事故发生后投保方通知义务比较研究

目前我国相关保险立法存在着一些缺陷与不足。借鉴德国的损害事实及重大过失双要件说和美国的损害事实要件说 ,对我国保险法修改时应设计与损害事实和过错相适应的不同法律效果规范模式 ,有一定的意义。     

中国马克思主义解释学的理性整合型诠释模式

中国马克思主义解释学是一门在中国科学诠释或解读马克思主义的学问。以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央领导集体从新时期社会主义现代化建设实践出发,牢牢把握住和平、发展与合作的时代潮流,运用理性整合的思维、观点与方法对马克思主义进行了科学的诠释,形成了一种颇具中国特色的理性整合型诠释范式。     

Latent Fingermark Aging Patterns (Part II): Color Contrast Between Ridges and Furrows as One Indicator of Degradation

Currently, no established methodology exists to determine degradation patterns of latent fingermarks by visual means. This article is the second in a series of reports exploring quantifiable degradation‐related parameters, which focuses on color contrast changes between fingermark ridges and furrows over time. Experiment variables included type of secretion (eccrine and sebaceous), substrate (glass and plastic), and exposure to natural light (dark, shade, and direct light). Fingermarks were sequentially visualized with titanium dioxide powder and photographed. Image histogram profiles were evaluated and combined with statistical analysis of color data values. Results indicate that sebaceous depositions on glass were generally less degraded by the effect of environmental conditions compared with those on plastic. In addition, aging in darkness was not always the best condition for preservation, and direct exposure to light seemed to inhibit visual degradation under certain conditions. Overall, the technique provided sufficient sensitivity to discern degradation patterns of fingermarks.     

Temporal transaction patterns in an open-air cannabis market

This article describes the results of a nine-month covert surveillance operation of Scandinavia’s principal open-air cannabis market, an area known as Christiania in Copenhagen Denmark. The data detail the time of day of retail transactions from four different sale positions, both outdoor (daytime: n = 1.123, nighttime: n = 1.282) and indoor (n = 63,413). The analysis provides insights into the tempo, rhythm and timing of cannabis transactions, over the course of a day, on weekends compared to weekdays and in relation to payday. It is found that buyers prefer lower price over wider selection and that sellers adapt their opening hours according to temporal patterns in transaction frequency. The findings are relevant for deployment of police resources in regards to maintaining post-crackdown residual deterrence.     

Portfolio allocation patterns and policy-making effectiveness in minority coalition governments

Although minority coalition has become a relatively frequent form of governance, it is often considered politically ineffective in policy making. To obtain sufficient support in parliament, government bills must go through the scrutiny activities initiated by coalition partners and overcome the concerns of external support parties in opposition. By examining parliamentary scrutiny on government bills, this paper explains the surprising policy-making effectiveness in minority coalition governments. Specifically, we argue and show that different patterns of portfolio allocation with the specific ideological locations of the ministerial office-holder, the coalition partner and the external supporter, structure the extent to which government bills are scrutinized in parliament, and therefore, the effectiveness of the minority coalition on managing and implementing policies. We empirically examine bills initiated by 256 ministries in 13 Danish minority coalitions between 1985 and 2015, and we reveal robust evidence that corroborates our argument.