基于分子克隆方法制备标准分子量片段混合物

目的制备标准分子量DNA片段混合物。方法选取pMD18-T载体部分序列作为插入片段,设计引物,制备包含不同大小的标准分子量片段的克隆。大量培养细菌提取质粒,用双酶切、连接荧光接头的方法制备不同大小的带有荧光的标准分子量片段,混合,纯化,最终获得标准分子量片段混合物(内标)。结果用分子克隆方法制备出具有实用性的标准分子量片段混合物,其单个标准分子量片段大小分别为80bp、124bp、194bp、224bp、254bp、304bp、349bp、399bp、424bp、454bp。并且这些标准分子量片段混合物可以准确地对DNATyper15试剂盒的扩增产物进行检测。结论应用该方法制备了能满足研究和实验室要求的标准分子量片段混合物,为DNA分子量标准物标准品的制作提供了一种新的方法。     

证据战视角下有组织犯罪组织性认定侦查取证研究

"四战"理论的提出为当前刑侦工作的发展指明了方向,其中"证据战"对公安机关提升打击有组织犯罪案件的能力尤为重要。有组织犯罪案件侦办取证过程中最困难的就是对其组织性的认定。应从证据链条构建、非犯罪事实认定以及经济活动三方面对有组织犯罪的组织性认定进行研究。     

Digital Wiretap Warrant: Improving the security of ETSI Lawful Interception

Lawful Interception (LI) of data communications is an essential tool for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) in order to investigate criminal activities carried out or coordinated by means of Internet. However, the ability to secretly monitor the activities of citizens also has a great impact on civil rights. Therefore, democratic societies must prevent abuse and ensure that LI is only employed in specific cases with justifiable grounds or a probable cause. Nowadays, in many countries each interception must be authorized by a wiretap warrant, usually issued by a judge. However, this wiretap warrant is merely an administrative document that should be checked by the network or service operator before enabling the monitoring of its customers, whose communications are later handed over to a LEA in plaintext. This paper proposes the idea of employing a Digital Wiretap Warrant (DWW), which further protects the civil liberties, security and privacy of LI by ensuring that monitoring devices can only be enabled with a valid DWW, and by encrypting the captured data so only the authorized LEA is able to decrypt those communications. Moreover, in the proposed DWW framework all digital evidence is securely time-stamped and signed, thus guaranteeing that it has not been tampered with, and that a proper chain of custody has been met. In particular this paper proposes how to apply the DWW concept to the lawful interception framework defined by the ETSI LI Technical Committee, and evaluates how the additional security mechanisms could impact the performance and storage costs of a LI platform.     

自白任意性规则的法律价值

新刑事诉讼法和此前“两高三部”发布的有关刑事证据的规定，确立了非法证据排除规则，但这一进步却因模糊了对威胁、引诱和欺骗取得口供的排除态度而显得 不彻底。自白任意性被忽视，主要归因于过分倚重口供的司法惯性，作为自白任意性法理基础的正当程序观念没有得到普遍认同，对秩序的偏重则是更为深层的原因。自白的证据能力若不以自白的任意性为条件，冤错案件的病灶就不能祛除，司法实践就不可能取得实质的进步。认同自白任意性规则的法律价值，不仅能为发现案件真实提供保障，更是保障刑事司法最终摆脱纠问式特征之所必需。     

检察环节证据合法性审查实证研究

修订后的《刑事诉讼法》规定了检察机关的非法证据排除义务,并对检察环节开展证据合法性审查的具体程序和相应职责予以了明确规定。从司法实践来看,侦查活动的密闭性、审查模式的单一性、立法的不完善以及在审查过程中自由裁量缺乏必要的规制等问题制约了证据合法性审查的实效。为此,有必要从审查程序、配套制度以及认证规则等方面予以完善。     

The Effects of Local Government Consolidation on Turnout: Evidence from a Quasi‐Experiment in Switzerland

In the last decades, municipal mergers have been one major element of local government reforms in Switzerland and beyond. In this article, we describe and analyze the political effects of this development. We use a quasi‐experimental setting to test the impact of municipal mergers on electoral participation. We find that in merged municipalities, the decrease in turnout is significantly stronger than in non‐merged municipalities. Further, the effect is more pronounced in relatively small localities. There is a temporal dimension to this effect—that is, turnout drops mainly in the first election after the first merger, but not so much after the second or third merger. Hence, the study provides a skeptical yet differentiated perspective on the democratic consequences of municipal mergers and points to further research avenues to develop a more comprehensive understanding of local government consolidation.     

The Impact of Child‐Parent Psychotherapy on Child Dependency Court Outcomes

Although parental compliance with court orders in child welfare cases is key to achieving physical parent‐child reunification and successful case closure, little research has examined how parent‐child relationship‐focused rehabilitative services uniquely influence case outcomes. This project fills this gap by investigating links between court ordering of and parental participation in Child‐Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) with court outcomes. Data were obtained from court records of 448 court‐involved parents. Hierarchical regressions revealed that greater participation in CPP led to reunification and successful case closure but not faster case closure. Courtroom professionals should consider parent‐child relationship‐based therapies as tools for achieving child welfare goals.     

不同消毒方式对现场DNA检出影响研究

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒敏感的消毒方式对于常见现场生物物证如血、脱落细胞的检出影响,探索在疫情期间现场勘查、实验室检验及尸体解剖前后的合理消毒方式.方法 采用《消毒剂使用指南》推荐的几种不同浓度化学消毒剂和紫外线照射等方式,对常量的血、口腔拭子和稀释的血、唾液斑进行作用后的样本DNA检出情况进行对比.结果 常用消毒方式对...     

辨认结论的证据资格和证明力探讨

辨认结论具有客观性、关联性及合法性,应具有证据资格;辨认结论的证明力应通过辨认结论的可靠性、关联程度等方面进行考量.根据辨识主体的不同,辨认结论应归入证人证言、被害人陈述、犯罪嫌疑人供述与辩解.单一的辨认结论不能作为定案的唯一根据.     

刑事审判中运用品格证据质疑证人的可信性

品格证据在质疑证人可信性的刑事审判中具有很大的运用空间.人类长期的观察和经验表明,人类行为具有重复性和模式化的特征,因此判断证人行为的一个重要标志就是证人的品格.品格证据是指能够证明某些诉讼参与人品格或品格特征的证据,关涉到某人的道德品质和是非评价,应用到司法实践中,就是通过运用品格证据证明证人是否具有可信性来佐证案件的其他证据,帮助法官查明案情,准确断案,保障诉讼活动公平、公正地进行.