讯问同步录音录像制度新探

2006年1月,最高人民检察院决定,今后各级检察机关在办理贿赂和其他职务犯罪要案中要逐渐实行讯问同步录音录像制度。公安机关在办理大案、要案中也已经实施讯问的同步录音录像制度。但在实践中,由于缺乏统一的规范和格式,各地在操作中不免出现一些问题,如在录像中看不到被讯问人的正面,更看不清其表情神态;在录像中只完整显示一名承办人,另一名则仅有半个身体;在录像中没有时间显示;声音不够清晰等等。因此,有必要建立规范的讯问同步录音录像制度。     

补强证据规则--兼论口供的证据价值

补强证据规则是对诉讼过程中的采证、认证经验的总结,其在程序上对证据的证明力予以直接限制,体现了对法官认证的自由裁量权的规范和控制。我国目前还没有确立补强证据规则,理论上也缺乏对补强证据规则的系统研究。但司法实践中会经常运用到补强证据及其规则。     

电子证据带给行政执法工作的挑战与对策

电子证据作为一种崭新的证据种类已经在执法实践中发挥了比较大的作用。但由于现行法律还没有对电子证据给予明确的规定,因此,有关电子证据的概念问题、其法律地位的界定问题、其法律价值的评价问题等应是电子证据研究的首要问题。此外,研究电子证据可以对具体的行政执法工作提供有益的帮助。     

台湾地区民事证据保全制度改革及其借鉴意义

为了彻底改造所移植外国法,更新传统诉讼观念,解决诉讼拖延、效率低下和诉讼成本高昂问题,我国台湾地区于20世纪末、21世纪初就证据保全制度从立法理念到具体内容进行了重大变革。新证据保全制度所蕴含的保障程序主体权、扩大诉讼解决纠纷能力、疏减讼源及预防纠纷发生的理念,以及为贯彻该等理念在设置具体制度时,扩大证据保全范围、规定并引导当事人于证据保全程序中达成协议和严格证据保全的程序保障的做法,对大陆证据保全制度的改革具有借鉴作用。     

基于38-plex InDels的青海地区三个族群遗传推断

目的 基于38-plex InDels族群推断体系研究青海地区汉族、回族及撒拉族的族群成分与遗传结构.方法 使用38-plex InDels复合扩增体系检测3个族群的220份样本并获取InDels位点分型,利用主成分分析、STRUCTURE聚类分析及系统发育树综合分析族群之间的遗传关系,使用族群推断软件DAA v1.0...     

Parental Alienation in U.S. Courts, 1985 to 2018

Courts have been dealing with alienating behaviors in high conflict family litigation for hundreds of years. Experts in the behavioral sciences have been writing about mothers and fathers manipulating their children to disparage the other parent for more than seventy years. But in the last two decades some social scientists and legal professionals have questioned the legitimacy of parental alienation as a concept and its admissibility in child abuse and child custody litigation. This study was designed to examine the extent to which courts in the United States have found the concept of parental alienation material, probative, relevant and admissible. Thirty‐four years of cases were found with a WESTLAW query and analyzed. Cases were selected for study only if the record reflected that a judge or an independent expert found the concept of parental alienation to be of value in the litigation. Results illustrate increasing awareness of the concept and document its admissibility in every one of the United States. The numbers, sex of the alienating parent and prevalence of significant custody changes are discussed. Limitations inherent in this form of quantitative analysis are also discussed with recommendations for future research.     

Empirical Evaluation of the Reliability of Photogrammetry Software in the Recovery of Three-Dimensional Footwear Impressions

This paper examines the reliability of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry as a tool in the capture of forensic footwear marks. This is applicable to photogrammetry freeware DigTrace but is equally relevant to other SfM solutions. SfM simply requires a digital camera, a scale bar, and a selection of oblique photographs of the trace in question taken at the scene. The output is a digital three-dimensional point cloud of the surface and any plastic trace thereon. The first section of this paper examines the reliability of photogrammetry to capture the same data when repeatedly used on one impression, while the second part assesses the impact of varying cameras. Using cloud to cloud comparisons that measure the distance between two-point clouds, we assess the variability between models. The results highlight how little variability is evident and therefore speak to the accuracy and consistency of such techniques in the capture of three-dimensional traces. Using this method, 3D footwear impressions can, in many substrates, be collected with a repeatability of 97% with any variation between models less than ~0.5 mm.     

论诉讼证据种类的划分

证据形式问题属证据法的基础问题。从法律上看,《民事诉讼法》第六十三条、《刑事诉讼法》第四十二条、《行政诉讼法》第三十一条分别规定了七种证据形式,构成了我国的证据种类体系。证据种类的划分是证据发挥其证明作用的前提,也是世界各国证据理论上要解决的首要问题。我国有必要建立一个系统的证据体系,一方面使证据种类体系具有开放性、包容性和逻辑性,另一方面有利于审判的进行。     

论当事人收集证据的程序保障

我国在20世纪90年代的民事庭审方式改革中引入了举证责任原则,庭审的对抗性由此得以增强,证据的重要地位也逐渐凸现,这就要求加强当事人收集证据的程序保障。但我国关于当事人收集证据的程序保障的法律规定是严重缺失的,这不仅严重影响了诉讼程序效用的发挥,也阻碍了我国诉讼制度的改革进程。因此应通过加快程序保障措施的法律化,构建独立的审前准备程序,扩大律师的调查取证权,设立书证、视听资料、物证提出命令制度及庭外证人证言收集制度等措施加强当事人收集证据的程序保障。