商业承兑汇票诈骗犯罪及对策探析

企业和银行相勾结,把真实的商业承兑汇票、伪造的贸易背景材料和银行的虚假贴现相结合,办理转贴现、再贴现骗取银行资金,名义是“融资”,实际是票据诈骗犯罪。公安机关应理顺公、检、法机关的纵向联动机制,建立银行、企业、工商等部门的横向协作机制,在始终坚持打击票据诈骗犯罪的同时,为各类市场经济主体提供防范指导、信息咨询和法律帮助等方面的服务,在防控、打击票据犯罪中发挥更大的作用。     

Rapid screening for the detection and differentiation of γ-hydroxybutyrate using ion chromatography

The analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is problematic because it is hygroscopic, it lacks a good UV chromophore, and it undergoes heat-induced cyclization. This paper presents a new method utilizing ion-exchange chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. The simple sample preparation, rapid analysis time, and inorganic anion detection capabilities are all advantages over the current methods. The detection of inorganic salts (formed during GHB synthesis) gives insight into the synthetic route utilized and can aid in drug seizure comparison. The developed method has a detection limit for GHB anions of 0.57 mg/L and chloride of 0.22 mg/L. A comparison of this technique with a current gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique is presented, and a t-test found that the two methods' results are not statistically different at the 99.9% confidence level demonstrating the merits of this fast, simple, and informative IC method as a routine screening tool.     

Internet domain names and the interaction with intellectual property

This is the fourth in a series of articles looking at the interaction between Internet domain names and intellectual property. It outlines the ICANN dispute resolution procedure for gTLDs whereby objectionable domain names can be transferred away from their registrants or cancelled. It also compares this to legal proceedings in the UK Courts and outlines a referral to the European Court of Justice on issues relating to a trade mark registration as the basis or legitimate interest for a .eu domain name registration.     

中华鳖TLR2部分序列的克隆及其组织表达差异分析

为探究中华鳖天然免疫的分子机制,针对TLR2(Toll-like receptor 2)保守区设计兼并引物,从中华鳖脾cDNA中扩增出了740bp的目标序列。测序和序列分析结果表明,该序列包含富含半胱氨酸型C端结构域、跨膜结构域和TIR结构域;与斑马鱼、鸡等脊椎动物相应的TLR2序列相似性为60.5%～74.4%。采用荧光定量PCR检测中华鳖感染嗜水气单胞菌后各组织TLR2mRNA表达的变化,结果显示,感染后第24小时,中华鳖脾和外周血TLR2mRNA相对表达水平升高,其中外周血中的增幅最显著,是对照组的8.57倍;中华鳖外周血经4μg/mL酵母聚糖刺激后,第2小时TLR2mRNA相对表达水平较高。首次获得了中华鳖TLR2部分cDNA序列,并分析了不同刺激物对中华鳖TLR2mRNA转录的影响。     

Testing the Hollowing-Out Thesis

In recent years, many economists have argued that governments are discarding pegged exchange rates in favor of alternative exchange rate regimes such as monetary unions and currency boards on the one hand, or floating exchange rates on the other. Capital mobility, such economists argue, has made pegged exchange rates costly to maintain for long periods, and thus the pegging option is being “hollowed-out.” Few, however, have tried to present evidence that capital mobility has a direct effect on exchange rate regime choices. I present two sets of tests using different measures of capital mobility that provide qualified confirmation that developing countries peg less as capital mobility rises. These tests indicate that direct measures of capital mobility have some correlation with de facto exchange rate regimes but not with de jure exchange rate regimes. Capital flows, a consequence of capital mobility, may have a direct effect on the choices of both de jure and de facto regimes. Governments do not make changes in their declared exchange rate policies in rational anticipation of the growing costs of pegging associated with increasing capital mobility. Rather, governments normally adapt their declared exchange rate policies after capital flows have increased and actual exchange rates have become more difficult to manage. The tests also indicate that hollowing-out has not only been the result of systemic factors such as increasing capital mobility and capital flows, but also due to domestic factors such as growing public sector indebtedness and the spread of democracy.     

Intellectual property,indigenous knowledge,and biodiversity

ABSTRACT

This is Part 1 of an article arguing for an extended application of Karl Marx’s insight that the apparent reciprocity of free market exchange is to be understood as an ideology that obscures material processes of exploitation and accumulation. Rather than to confine this insight to the worker’s sale of his or her labor-power for wages, and basing it on the conviction that labor-power is uniquely capable of generating more value than its price, the article argues that capital accumulation also relies on asymmetric transfers of several other biophysical resources such as embodied non-human energy, land, and materials. It proposes that the very notions of “price” and “value” serve to obscure the material history and substance of traded commodities. Such a shift of perspective extends Marx’s foundational critique of mainstream economics by focusing on the unacknowledged role of ecologically unequal exchange, but requires a critical rethinking of the concept of “use-value.” It also suggests a fundamental reconceptualization of the ontology of technological progress, frequently celebrated in Marxist theory. Part 1 of the article introduces the argument on unequal exchange, the ideological function of money, some concerns of ecological Marxism, and the conundrum posed by three contradictory understandings of “use-value.”     

Expert systems and the law

ABSTRACT

The project discussed here involved an online debating activity between intellectual property (IP) law students in Egypt and the UK, using a closed group on Facebook. The aim was to harness freely available online social media technology to create a space in which valuable discussions and learning could take place. We showed that Facebook can be a powerful educational tool to encourage active learning and usefully connect learners across continents. In enabling the exchange of views between students in different jurisdictions, Facebook provides exposure to different cultures and different perspectives as well as different legal cultures and different legal systems, while also, importantly, enabling participants to identify commonalities. This debate focused on IP law, which is of increasing international importance, and specifically on the topic of access to medicines, which is highly contentious. Through the activity, students learned that they need not only to learn the law, but also to appreciate the socio-cultural and political complexity underlying policy issues in different jurisdictions. On reflection, the Facebook debate definitely enhanced the study of IP law through an interesting and enjoyable international, intercultural activity, led by staff and students, which successfully extended the classroom experience.     

简析中西文化差异对商务英语教学的影响

商务英语有很强的专业性,它不仅应注重英语语言知识的讲授,也应注重英语国家文化背景的讲解。中西方文化差异体现在寒暄问候、商务谈判、商务宴请、时间观念和商标语言及产品的包装设计。针对以上差异提出高职商务英语教学应采取的教学方法。     

构建我国域名与商标权纠纷解决机制

域名作为网络的"门牌号",有着自己的属性。注册一个域名,可以用它来发布信息、刊登广告、交友聊天等等,这个小小的域名蕴含着无限的潜能。域名作为新的媒介,与传统的知识产权领域的商标、商号等发生冲突,特别是域名权益与商标权之间纠纷成为域名纠纷的主要问题。目前统一域名纠纷解决政策(UDRP),是国际域名纠纷解决机制最权威的依据。我国没有制定如同UDRP那样详尽的关于域名与商标权纠纷的解决规定。     

古代中国与东南亚中医药交流

古代中国与东南亚国家的中医药交流始于秦汉时期,结束于清朝前期。本文共分四个部分,前三个部分分别阐述秦汉魏晋、隋唐宋元以及明清三个阶段双方交流的方式及特点,最后论述中国与东南亚国家的中医药交流给双方带来的影响。