Resistance to Chronic Violence in Informal Workplaces: The Strategies of Domestic Workers in Brazil (2003–2018)

This article analyses the repertoire of individual strategies utilised by domestic workers to resist routinised workplace violence in the cities of São Paulo and Ilhéus, Brazil. Findings suggest that domestic workers favour two strategies of resistance: exit (quitting work without prior notice) and voice (negotiating workplace conditions). The latter strategy is divided into two subtypes: voice-pleading (appealing to decency) and voice-confrontation (warning and rights-claiming). Voice strategies appear more effective than exit in ameliorating patterns of chronic workplace violence, particularly when they incorporate labour rights claims and when emotional ties exist between workers and employers.     

非正规的“正规化”:劳动力市场分割与家政服务企业——基于2019年四个城市的家政工人调查

在非正规就业盛行的家政市场,家政服务企业的重要性日益凸显,亟待考察这些劳动力市场中介机构的就业效果。通过分析2019年四个城市的家政工人调查数据,发现家政服务企业的发展可能会影响家政业内不同工种的收入差距,改变非正规就业市场的原有结构。伴随管理者企业的介入,家务员收入大幅提升,母婴护理员和家庭保洁员的收入则出现下降。家政企业对工人收入的改善和工作正规化的促进作用是有限的。本文不仅呈现了家政就业市场内部的异质性,为家政工作的正规化讨论提供中国经验数据,还指出劳动力市场中介机构在以女性为主的非正规就业市场上的特殊性,具有一定政策意义。     

Domestic Contestation and Presidential Prerogative in Colombian Foreign Policy

The study of Colombian foreign policy emphasises external constraints and presidential prerogative in foreign policymaking. Drawing on insights from recent foreign policy analysis literature and evidence from several cases (Plan Colombia, US military bases, free trade talks with China, and ICJ arbitration of a maritime border with Nicaragua), this article challenges commonplace presidentialist assumptions. A novel model of ‘contested presidentialism’ better captures how Colombian domestic actors mobilise to raise political costs to block or modify presidential preferences. When the opposition fails to raise costs, presidentialist assumptions apply. Otherwise, presidents respond strategically by abandoning policies or substituting second-best alternatives.     

析资本主义拜物教的意识形态根源

马克思关于资本主义社会普遍存在的拜物教现象所作的精辟分析是建立在对资本主义社会的历史唯物主义阐释之上的,理解这一意识现象除了从经济、社会的维度把握其产生的根源,还要了解其意识形态根源,拜物教思想既有古老的宗教意识残留同时也是启蒙运动的产物,人的解放及人的需要的发展和放大对拜物教思想的盛行起了机杼性的作用。     

APEC发展中的存在问题及其未来拓展的路径选择

以松散性为特征的APEC在贸易自由化与投资自由化的进程、经济技术合作及协调内部次区域经济组织关系方面存在着一系列的矛盾与冲突。为有效地解决这些矛盾与冲突,APEC在发展模式与路径的选择上,要通过次区域组织自由贸易区的制度安排,一定的时期内维持松散一体化组织的现状,在坚持开放的区域方向原则的同时对其中的传统认识与运作机制进行修正。     

ASSESSING MUTUAL PARTNER-ABUSE CLAIMS IN CHILD CUSTODY AND ACCESS CASES

This article explores issues associated with mutual claims of domestic violence in the context of research on gender and violence, and in the context of litigation tactics commonly employed by perpetrators in child custody and access cases. Quotations from parents involved in such cases illustrate why accurate assessment of mutual cliams requires complete information about social context and the analysis of patterns of domination, power and control in the relationship over time. Recent developments in Canadian law ought to enhance the ability of judges to take such evidence into account. The article aims to provide a lens through which to understand and assess such cases.     

中国实行扩大内需政策的国际经济背景与影响

中国之所以实行扩大内需政策并使其长期化 ,与中国经济发展外需依存度高 ,而国际经济环境趋于严峻又导致外需大幅波动直接相关。近年导致中国外需大幅波动的国际经济背景包括东亚金融危机、美国经济减速和日本经济衰退等方面。为化解外需波动的消极影响 ,中国从 1998年起实行了以积极财政政策和稳健货币政策为核心的扩大内需政策并取得了显著效果 ,不仅对保持中国经济的持续快速增长产生了重要作用 ,而且也对全球尤其是区域经济发展做出了巨大贡献 ,包括缓解东亚金融危机、加速东亚经济回升和减缓全球经济衰退。     

建立中国同一的海上运输法律体系

本文在分析中国目前在国内沿海运输和国际海上运输(特别是在海上货物运输方面)所实行的法律制度还没有统一的现状和原因的基础上,指出中国建立同一的海上运输法律体系,基础已经具备,条件也趋于成熟,势在必行;同时,对如何建立中国同一的海上运输法律体系,提出了具体的意见和建议。     

西部投资法律制度之缺陷与完善略论

西部大开发所面临的主要问题是投资问题 ,国家投资不足、民间投资总量少且效益低是制约西部社会经济发展的主要因素。西部投资法律制度由国家与西部各地有关西部国内投资的法律制度和外商投资的法律制度组成 ,它们均存在不利于西部发展的重要缺陷。作者提出了完善西部国内民间投资、外商投资和国家公共投资三方面法律制度的价值取向与基本措施。     

Poverty Among Small Farmers Under Frei and Pinochet, 1968–1986

Abstract — This paper draws on the results of a nation-wide panel study of small farm households interviewed in 1968 and 1986 to complement accounts of Chile's economic performance under the governments of President Frei (1964–1970) and General Pinochet (1973–1989). It is shown that in contrast to macroeconomic trends of increased inequality and impoverishment after 1973, the incidence of poverty in the sample declined slightly but significantly over the period. The result is robust both to the choice of poverty index and poverty line. It is all the more striking because the sample represented the poorest group in Chile during the 1960s. Nevertheless, the incidence of poverty in the sample remained extremely high. In 1967–1968, more than three-quarters of households could not meet their basic needs, while in 1985–1986 this proportion reached nearly two thirds. The fall in poverty may be attributed to a combination of increased coverage of the rural areas by targeted welfare programmes and the effects of the life cycle in increasing the proportion of panel household members eligible for, and dependent on public transfers between 1968 and 1986.