当前青年“知识失业”现象的社会学分析

“知识失业”是指受过高等教育的知识劳动者处于不得其用的一种状态。在我国社会发展的现阶段，“知识失业”现象日益凸显，在造成国家和个人资源严重浪费的同时，也给社会带来了不安定因素。通过对知识失业的征兆与表现的考察，分析其成因及由此产生的社会影响，并试图有针对性地提出相关建议，是具有一定理论研究意义的。     

BEYOND POLITICS AND POSITIONS: A CALL FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN FAMILY COURT AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROFESSIONALS

The domestic violence advocacy and family court communities have each grown dramatically over the last three decades. Although these professional communities share many values in common, they often find themselves at odds with one another on a host of issues. This article examines the practical, political, definitional, and ideological differences between the two communities and calls for them to join forces and collaborate on behalf of children and families.     

完善军队专业技术干部考核评价机制的思考

加强军队专业技术干部考核评价机制建设,对于促进军队专业技术干部队伍科学发展和科技强军战略的贯彻落实具有十分重要的意义。     

中国入世后,工会面临的挑战及其应对

工会是站在工人一方 ,通过对劳动价格的议价来调节供给与需求关系的。经济全球化削弱了工会的调节能力。企业跨国经营是资本对付工会的现代手段。经济全球化使工会在更高层次上凸现了各国工会的竞争 ,也为中国工会发展提供了新的机遇。产业结构调整必然伴随结构性失业。政府也为此付出了巨大的机会成本。利用WTO缺陷 ,维护企业正当权益也是维护工人的利益。工会也应该研究世界经济和国际贸易规则 ,培养自己的专门人才 ,规避不利于工会及工人的风险。     

人和畜禽的空肠弯杆菌分离培养及带菌状况调查

对195例不同年龄腹泻病人的粪样及656只健康和腹泻畜禽的直肠和泄殖腔拭子进行空肠弯杆菌培养,总检出率为26.1%(222/851).人和畜禽的带菌率分别为健康蛋用鸡为61.0%(61/100),腹泻后备蛋用鸡为53.3%(40/75),健康后备蛋用鸡为22.0%(11/50),腹泻仔猪为88.0%(88/100),健康羔羊为5.7%(6/106),牦牛犊为12.4%(15/121)和0(0/104)腹泻病人为0.5%(1/195).蛋用鸡各组间的带菌率差异极显著(P＜0.01),腹泻后备蛋用鸡的带菌率明显高于健康后备蛋用鸡(P＜0.01),显示后备蛋用鸡腹泻与该菌感染相关.腹泻仔猪的带菌率很高,也提示该菌感染与仔猪腹泻存在一定关系.噻孢霉素对空肠弯杆菌检出率的影响和抗生素药敏性试验结果表明,噻孢霉素不能替代头孢霉素Ⅰ,而头孢哌酮钠(头孢必)可取代Camp-BAP琼脂中的头孢霉素Ⅰ.在100mL/LCO2气体环境中微需氧培养比烛缸内培养空肠弯杆菌检出率高13.0%,显示分离该菌以100mL/L CO2法明显优于烛缸法(P＜0.01).     

论收入政策在扩大内需中的作用

我国现阶段的收入结构政策表现为体制内人员收入分配的平均化和体制外人员分配的过分悬殊。平均化的分配所形成的消费平台不利于形成消费的梯级结构 ,过分悬殊的分配不利于扩大有效需求。失业率提高、国有企业改革滞后、农产品价格低迷等原因使城乡居民收入总量减少都不利于扩大有效需求。因此 ,我国必须调整收入政策 ,扩大有效需求。     

我军实施海上封锁作战的若干国际法问题

根据国际法有关规定,海上封锁作为一种作战手段和作战方法,只要在封锁中遵循国际人道主义法关于对作战手段和作战方法的限制,在国内武装冲突中实施海上封锁同样合法.而在我军实施海上封锁作战时,首先要根据我军的海上实力,在尽可能保证足够水面舰艇兵力的基础上,采取"指定航道"的封锁方法,以保证"封锁的实效性";其次,要根据敌舰船的不同情况,对破坏封锁的舰船进行具体认定、作出不同处置;再次,对敌进行封锁时,不能阻止国际社会对平民、伤者及战争受难者给予的国际人道主义援助.     

Gender Differences in the Impact of Family of Origin Violence on Perpetrators of Domestic Violence

This study examines the applicability of theories related to the intergenerational transmission of violence. Studies of the impact of violence in the family of origin on the propensity to engage in domestic violence as an adult have commonly focused on boys as potential perpetrators. This study examined the impact of previous violent victimization on males and females charged with domestic violence perpetration, finding previous violence significantly related to increased fear and hyper-vigilance to threat in adult relationships. In addition, the study explored the theoretical assertion that those who use violence in their homes are not also generally violent and found that the majority of individuals using violence, both males and females, were not violent outside the home.     

“I didn’t do it,but if I did I had a good reason”: Minimization,Denial, and Attributions of Blame Among Male and Female Domestic Violence Offenders

Women are increasingly being arrested and prosecuted for assaulting an intimate partner. Whereas extensive research has been conducted to identify the treatment needs of male domestic violence offenders, few studies have examined females convicted of the same charges. In the present study 1,267 men and 159 women convicted of intimate partner abuse were compared on scales assessing attributions of blame for their recent offense, minimization, denial, and socially desirable responding. Research with male offenders has identified these factors as important treatment targets, as they appear to influence an offenders risk for noncompliance and recidivism. The results of the study suggest that both male and female domestic violence offenders engage in socially desirable responding during court-ordered evaluations, that both attribute greater blame for the recent offense to their spouse/partner than they acknowledge for themselves, and that significant numbers of both genders deny the recent incident and/or minimize the severity of the offense. Areas for further research are highlighted along with a discussion of the implications of these findings for practitioners.     

Psychological Distress of Children and Mothers in Domestic Violence Emergency Shelters

Abused mothers and their school-aged children who recently entered domestic violence emergency shelters were assessed by individual interview and psychometric measures. Children had positiveviews of the shelter residence. Mothers and children reported high-quality relationships with eachother. Children came from highly violent homes, and the majority had attempted to intervene in theinteradult violence. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted on child PTSD symptoms, child behavior problems, and maternal depression, anxiety, and anger. Child PTSD symptoms were associated with amount of physical violence. Child behavioral problems were related to mother anxiety andanger. The predictors of maternal emotional distress varied. Depression was associated with sexualabuse, child physical intervention, and quality of mother–child relationship; anxiety was related to witnessing child abuse, child age, and child internalizing behaviors; anger was associated with abuse-related injuries, violence frequency, and child internalizing behaviors. Augmentationof shelter-based interventions for children's trauma, maternal emotional distress, and parenting are discussed.