120例闭合性颅脑损伤的临床诊断与法医鉴定的结论差异分析

有关闭合性颅脑损伤的临床诊断与法医鉴定的结论往往存在着差异,在脑震荡和脑损伤后综合症诊断上,这种差异尤为突出。差异的形成主要缘于临床诊断:临床医生过分依赖主诉;自信、草率、违反医理;对病人辅助检查不够;易受社会和人为因素干扰。     

人质解救的新理念——谈判专家中心论

人质解救属于高难度的战术,光靠武力难以成功,与犯罪人谈判是在所难免的。而我国警方现在极其缺乏专业谈判人员,各地纷纷采取措施培养谈判专家,这可能只是"头痛医头,脚痛医脚"的短视行为。必须树立以谈判专家为中心的人质解救理念,从制定科学的培训计划、应急预案、现场指挥体系和现场处置策略等方面着手,以此才能架构起长效的危机处理机制。     

Impact of Defense-Only and Opposing Eyewitness Experts on Juror Judgments

Previous research shows that expert testimony on eyewitness memory influences mock-juror judgments. We examined the extent to which opposing expert testimony mitigates the impact of defense-only expert testimony. Participants (N = 497) viewed a video-taped trial involving an eyewitness identification and individually rendered verdicts and evaluated the evidence and the experts. We manipulated the Foils (unbiased vs. biased) and Instructions (unbiased vs. biased) of the lineup and Expert Testimony (no expert vs. defense-only expert vs. opposing experts). Expert testimony did not significantly influence juror judgments, but the opposing expert testimony diminished the credibility of the defense expert in the eyes of the jurors. Results point to the need for further research on conditions that qualify the impact of expert testimony.     

论鉴定结论的系统化规制——以证据能力规则为视角

鉴定结论作为我国法定证据之一，在刑事诉讼中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是，现有法律对鉴定结论的规定比较粗糙，司法实践中对鉴定结论的使用缺乏有效的规制。大陆法系、英美法系通过对鉴定人与鉴定结论的限制，保证鉴定结论的证据效力。事实证明，鉴定结论并不天然地具有证据能力，运用证据能力理论构建合理的规则体系能够保证合法有效地运用鉴定结论。     

Object-oriented Bayesian networks for paternity cases with allelic dependencies

This study extends the current use of Bayesian networks by incorporating the effects of allelic dependencies in paternity calculations. The use of object-oriented networks greatly simplify the process of building and interpreting forensic identification models, allowing researchers to solve new, more complex problems. We explore two paternity examples: the most common scenario where DNA evidence is available from the alleged father, the mother and the child; a more complex case where DNA is not available from the alleged father, but is available from the alleged father’s brother. Object-oriented networks are built, using HUGIN, for each example which incorporate the effects of allelic dependence caused by evolutionary relatedness.     

论司法实践中的痕迹鉴定和同一认定结论

痕迹鉴定是一种司法活动，经鉴定后得出的结论尤其是同一认定结论在司法实践中具有很大的价值，某些时候成为定案的主要或唯一证据。但在实践中，却曾发现本来只能给出种类认定等其它结论，却得出了同一认定结论；或者能够得出同一结论却只给出种类认定等其它结论。前者有可能误导法官，被法庭采信成为定案的证据之一，导致冤、假、错案：后者则淹没了同一认定结论在司法实践中应有的价值。只有掌握痕迹鉴定的规律，充分挖掘痕迹本身的信息，才能最大程度发挥同一认定结论的司法价值。     

论司法鉴定意见的基本属性

本文分析司法鉴定意见的基本属性，认为其同时具备科学证据以及证据学的特征属性．在此基础上针对法医学鉴定文书存在的问题。就法医学鉴定文书的制作方法进行探讨。     

法院受理鉴定结论争议诉讼案的法律思考

司法鉴定中,包括医疗纠纷鉴定在内,当事人对鉴定结论不满意或者有争议的情况非常多见,对此,法律明确规定,如因对鉴定结论有异议向人民法院起诉的,人民法院不予受理。法律之所以这样规定,有着客观上的原因。法院受理了该类案件,最后又予以驳回,也有着自身的原因。为防止这一情况的再次发生,有必要加强公众法律知识的普及,加强法院办案人员的法律理论及职业道德教育。     

论司法鉴定人出庭作证

鉴定人在诉讼中起着重要的作用，鉴定结论必须经过审查、质证后才能在庭审中加以运用，鉴定人出庭作证也是必要的，然而，由于种种因素的影响和制约，当前我国司法实践中鉴定人出庭甚少，相关制度应当加以完善，以提高鉴定人的出庭率。