Specific forms of human trafficking in Slovenia: overview and preventive measures

Abstract

Paper presents a research study on specific forms of human trafficking in Slovenia. The research indicates that the vulnerability of migrant workers in Slovenia results from their social vulnerability and deteriorating social conditions in the countries of origin. Employers are aware of these conditions and take advantage of the situation, which results in planned recruitment of workers in countries of origin. Furthermore, cases of human trafficking for the purpose of forced criminality and forced begging, as well as trafficking in children, are also indicated in the research. However, in the time period under review the Slovene police detected only a few underage victims of crimes that can be considered as trafficking. No evidence of trafficking in human organs, tissues and blood was found, but the research unveiled some cases indicating illegal intercountry adoptions. The research results and recommendations can guide further action and the planning of preventive activities.     

Towards a common framework for assessing the activity and associations of groups who sexually abuse children

Abstract

Extensive social psychological research emphasises the importance of groups in shaping individuals' thoughts and actions. Within the child sexual abuse (CSA) literature criminal organisation has been largely overlooked, with some key exceptions. This research was a novel collaboration between academia and the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP). Starting from the premise that the group is, in itself, a form of social situation affecting abuse, it offers the first systematic situational analysis of CSA groups. In-depth behavioural data from a small sample of convicted CSA group-offenders (n =3) were analysed qualitatively to identify factors and processes underpinning CSA groups' activities and associations: group formation, evolution, identity and resources. The results emphasise CSA groups' variability, fluidity and dynamism. The foundations of a general framework are proposed for researching and assessing CSA groups and designing effective interventions. It is hoped that this work will stimulate discussion and development in this long-neglected area of CSA, helping to build a coherent knowledge-base.     

China in the context of globalization

Although this paper challenges the standard viewpoint that foreign direct investment actually occurred in colonial times it also finds parallels with today’s international finance. Evidence shows that the reverse flow of funds was infinitely much greater than possible foreign investment for at least one colony, the Netherlands East Indies (colonial Indonesia). We calculate for the late colonial period (1880–1939) out of its total colonial surplus at least US$430 billion in today’s terms (about three-quarters of the total) was available for investment. This was far in excess of actual investment. Less than one-third of the available for investment went to colonial Indonesia and a further one-third was invested in other countries. The remainder is attributed to investment in the Netherlands (mainly portfolio), investment by non-Dutch corporations and to some statistical errors and omissions. Furthermore, we indicate their actual vital function within the global economic and financial organisation of the Netherlands in late colonial times. The probability of similar occurrences today is raised.     

Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers: Understanding Variation

While the literature on peacekeeping has mostly focused on whether peacekeeping actually keeps the peace, few studies have systematically addressed the question of what explains variations in unintended consequences of peacekeeping, such as sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). This study presents the Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers data, a new dataset covering the 36 international peacekeeping missions by the UN, NATO, ECOWAS, and the African Union, active in the years 1999–2010. Using this dataset, it also presents the first statistical study that explores the issue of what can account for variations in reported SEA across peacekeeping operations. The systematic analysis of this data indicates that SEA was more frequently reported in situations with lower levels of battle-related deaths, in larger operations, in more recent operations, the less developed the country hosting the mission, and in operations where the conflict involved high levels of sexual violence. Our discussion and conclusion highlights data restrictions and identifies key challenges for future research.     

提高开拓创新能力要有多角思维的大智慧

提高领导干部开拓创新能力,要有多角思维的大智慧,要善于转换思维角度,灵活运用各种思维方法,打开思维空间。充分运用理论思维、战略思维、开放思维是提升开拓创新能力的重要途径。     

Sex,Statistics, Peacekeepers and Power: UN Data on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse and the Quest for Legal Reform

The UN Secretariat provides annual statistics on allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse made against peacekeeping personnel, with reduced numbers of allegations leading to claims of success for the UN's ‘zero tolerance’ policy. This article explores the use of data as ‘technologies’ of global governance, to examine the function that these annual statistics serve for the UN and the impact that they have on calls for legal reform. Thus far, the statistics have attracted little academic appraisal. Yet, they have been used to establish the UN's authority to resolve the ‘problem’ of sexual exploitation and abuse, diminishing the space for critique of UN policy and undermining the quest for improved legal arrangements.     

西北地区矿产资源开发利用及发展前景分析

随着我国资源利用的全球化战略由酝酿逐步走向成熟,我国具备了融入世界经济的基础与能力,同时也具备了利用矿产资源的能力和不断扩大的社会需求。这些为拥有矿产资源竞争优势的西北地区的矿产资源深度利用和新一轮开发提供了良好的机遇和广阔的市场前景。     

少数民族非物质文化遗产旅游可持续发展的思考——以云南、贵州、海南为例

通过云南、贵州、海南的实践经历,认为新时期少数民族非物质文化遗产旅游开发成效显著,开发模式不断增加,旅游精品不断涌现,旅游开发管理与促销成绩突出,但开发中也呈现出浅层次开发、歪曲性开发、重复性开发、过度性开发、片面性开发与隔离式开发等问题。为了实现非物质文化遗产旅游的可持续发展,政府、学者、企业与民族群众要密切协作,增强文化遗产的长远保护意识,借鉴国外成功经验,打造非物质文化遗产体验游,不断完善旅游开发的保障体系。     

科技成果转化与科技成果信息资源的开发利用

科技成果信息资源开发利用的基本途径有：（１）采用“出版物──数据库”一体化模式开发和利用科技成果信息资源;（２）面向企业信息主管与信息经纪人的开发利用模式;（３）促进官、产、学、研结合,完善技术创新机制;（４）建立风险投资与交叉融资机制,带动科技成果信息资源开发利用;（５）科技创新信息与产业化经营信息一体化,创造企业对创新活动的有效信息需求;（６）建立“科技成果转化咨询中心”。     

西方国家新闻媒体同外交决策的关系

西方国家的“媒体外交”,也就是利用新闻媒介来推进外交政策的方式近来已经成为外交学的新领域。在定义“媒体外交”的基础上,本文主要探讨媒体外交盛行的客观条件,并集中讨论西方国家新闻媒介对政府外交决策的作用以及政府在某种程度上得以控制媒介报道的基础和手段。