Cyclic Pentanone Peroxide: Sensitiveness and Suitability as a Model for Triacetone Triperoxide

Research to counter the threat of organic peroxides such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is at times hampered by their inherent extreme sensitiveness and volatility. This work describes an approach to lowering some risks associated with the handling of TATP in the laboratory through the use of an analog species, tripentanone triperoxide (TPTP). Sensitiveness has been tested via standard methods. GCMS analysis has shown that TPTP degrades via similar mechanisms to TATP under a range of conditions. Slight differences in product composition were traced to side reactions which may also affect impurities present in homemade TATP synthesis. A pilot field trial was conducted to evaluate TPTP as a substitute for TATP in explosive detection dog (EDD) scent training. The degradation studies have yielded insights into the complexities of the acidic degradation of cyclic peroxides with potential forensic application, and TPTP's inadequacy as a TATP pseudoscent is a valuable example of the limitations of such training aids.     

Manual and Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): A Comparison of Associated Injury Patterns,

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare patterns of trauma associated with AutoPulse^® CPR and manual CPR. Finalized autopsy records from 175 decedents brought to the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences were reviewed, 87 received manual‐only CPR, and 88 received AutoPulse^® CPR (in combination with manual CPR as per standard protocol). The characteristic pattern observed in manual‐only CPR use included a high frequency of anterior rib fractures, sternal fractures, and midline chest abrasions along the sternum. The characteristic pattern observed in AutoPulse^® CPR use included a high frequency of posterior rib fractures, skin abrasions located along the anterolateral chest and shoulder, vertebral fractures, and a few cases of visceral injuries including liver lacerations, splenic lacerations, and hemoperitoneum. Knowledge of the AutoPulse^® CPR injury pattern can help forensic pathologists differentiate therapeutic from inflicted injuries and therefore avoid an erroneous assessment of cause and manner of death.     

从代理理论看对高管报酬的规范

从效益角度看,对企业高管报酬的数额讨论是没有意义的,要想制定一个理想的企业高管报酬数额的立法、行政和司法标准,将会产生适得其反的效果。对企业高管报酬方法规范的重点,应该是提高报酬与企业业绩的正相关关系。相比而言,企业高管报酬的披露制度更符合市场经济的规律,也更有利于资本市场的完善。     

民用爆炸物品安全管理对策研究

民用爆炸物品与社会公共安全有着密切的关系。政府对民用爆炸物品的管理愈来愈重视,出台了新的规范,并在管理中加大了监管力度。但即便如此,民用爆炸物品的管理还是存在诸多问题。在社会治安形势日趋严峻的形势下,要解决民用爆炸物品行业中存在的诸多问题,切实有效地遏制爆炸物品的流失,及时消除各类公共安全隐患,必须多方位、多角度入手,采用多种有效措施。     

Death Due to an Unusual Angio‐Seal‐Related Complication: Case Report and Literature Review

Angio‐SealTM is a vascular closure device (VCD) that can be applied to the femoral artery following cardiac catheterization to achieve hemostasis. Although it has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional manual pressure and to reduce time to hemostasis and patient ambulation, the use of this VCD is not without its complications. In this report, we describe the case of a 55‐year‐old man who died due to an extremely rare event that occurred several hours after the deployment of an Angio‐SealTM VCD: acute complete transverse laceration of the femoral artery that occurred because of the particular fragility of the vessel due to an unrecognized and asymptomatic arteriosclerotic disease. Few data are available in the literature about the incidence of such events, and much more remains to be done to determine how to prevent and manage its occurrence.     

USB Storage Device Forensics for Windows 10

Significantly increased use of USB devices due to their user‐friendliness and large storage capacities poses various threats for many users/companies in terms of data theft that becomes easier due to their efficient mobility. Investigations for such data theft activities would require gathering critical digital information capable of recovering digital forensics artifacts like date, time, and device information. This research gathers three sets of registry and logs data: first, before insertion; second, during insertion; and the third, after removal of a USB device. These sets are analyzed to gather evidentiary information from Registry and Windows Event log that helps in tracking a USB device. This research furthers the prior research on earlier versions of Microsoft Windows and compares it with latest Windows 10 system. Comparison of Windows 8 and Windows 10 does not show much difference except for new subkey under USB Key in registry. However, comparison of Windows 7 with latest version indicates significant variances.     

An Animal Model to Investigate Effectiveness and Safety of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER® Devices)*

Abstract: Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law‐enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without causing lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures during law‐enforcement operations. The purpose of this technical note is to describe, in detail, some aspects of an anesthetized swine model used in our laboratory and to answer specific questions related to the model. In particular, tiletamine/zolazepam‐induced, propofol‐maintained anesthesia appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of CEW applications on muscle contraction and blood factors such as muscle enzymes. Because effects of CEWs on breathing have not been fully elucidated, a spontaneously breathing model is preferable to one in which mechanical ventilation is supplied. Placement of the swine in a supine position may facilitate measurement of muscle contractions, without compromising other physiological parameters.     

论《郑笺》对《毛传》"标兴"的认识与发展

人们历来重视对《毛传》标兴的认识,却很少关注《郑笺》对《毛传》标兴的认识和发展。《郑笺》的这种认识和发展在形式上表现为对部分《毛传》标兴之诗不作兴体解,增加新的比兴诗和在注解上大量突破《毛传》一诗只标一处兴也;而实质上则表现为一是郑玄理解的兴的内涵与毛公有了一定的改变,二是郑玄将兴作为一种注释的体例较毛公有了发展和完善,言语上的用诗之兴正式转变成了文学上的创作之兴,以兴作为诗的一种作法和表现手法的阐释理论得以确立。     

非法储存爆炸物罪的司法认定问题研究

解决司法实践中认定非法储存爆炸物罪存在的分歧,应从四个方面入手：一是围绕立法本意,科学界定刑法上“爆炸物”的范围;二是针对目前关于“非法储存”的规定在司法认定中引起的争议,深入分析,提出认定“非法储存”中应遵循的原则;三是通过对非法储存爆炸物罪的未完成形态的分析,形成对未完成形态认定的正确方法;四是结合实践中易混淆的情况,对本罪与他罪进行比较研究,指出本罪与他罪的认定界限。     

idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs

As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper-based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is “read” by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%–100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 “reads” by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55–180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.