A Tale of Two Leaders: Leadership and Cultural Change at the New Zealand Treasury

Differences in the transformational leadership exercised at the New Zealand Treasury (NZT) by two Secretaries – Henry Lang (1969-1973) and Graham Scott (1986-1996) – are related to differences in their paradigmatic situation rather than a shift away from a serial loyalist public service bargain that caused both to direct their leadership initiatives toward developing and maintaining the trust successive finance ministers placed in NZT advisors. Thus while Lang's leadership was directed toward expanding the reporting role of the NZT to the limits of what could be expected under a relatively stable market failure policy paradigm, the subsequent erosion of the authority of this paradigm meant that, under Scott's leadership, the NZT reinvented itself to avoid implication in a failure to contribute to the policy leadership required to advance a coherent reform strategy.     

韩国国家安全与表达自由案例研究

国家安全与表达自由之间的冲突是每一个国家在任何一个历史阶段均必须直面的重大问题。韩国专制主义盛行的20世纪60年代至90年代中期所涉及的“国家安全与表达自由”典型司法案例反映了韩国普通法院及宪法法院在衡平这两者价值间冲突的立场变迁及韩国法院在维护人权和促进韩国民主与法制发展中所扮演的角色,可为中国学界在“国家安全与表达自由”这样复杂而又棘手的问题上,提供些许可借鉴的外域经验。     

鹅IL-18基因的克隆和原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

参考GenBank中鸡、火鸡和鸭IL-18基因序列,设计了1对特异引物,以提取的鹅脾细胞总RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR扩增、克隆鹅IL-18基因中间的333bp序列。序列分析结果表明,其与鸭IL-18基因对应序列相似性最高,达99%。参考鸭IL-18全基因序列设计上、下游引物各3条,以梯度PCR探索扩增、克隆鹅IL-18全基因。以上述策略成功扩增、克隆了3个广东地方杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因。序列分析表明,这3个杂交品种鹅的IL-18基因序列一致,长642bp,含一个603bp的ORF,编码200个氨基酸,分子质量为23.2ku。ORFN端的30个氨基酸为前导序列,其余170个氨基酸为功能蛋白序列。在GenBank中注册了第一条鹅的IL-18基因序列,登录号为EF159728。随后,构建了鹅IL-18基因ORF的重组原核表达质粒pET-GIL-18,经诱导表达、纯化获得重组鹅IL-18融合蛋白,并以其制备了兔抗重组鹅IL-18多克隆抗体。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株3-1E基因的重组表达及其表达产物的免疫保护性

应用RT-PCR技术扩增柔嫩艾美耳球虫哈尔滨株子孢子表面抗原3-1E基因,再克隆至质粒载体pMD18-T中,获得重组质粒pMD18-T-3-1E,采用EcoR I+Hind III双酶切法及PCR扩增鉴定正确后,将3-1E基因cDNA目的片段亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,获得重组质粒pET-32a-3-1E,用EcoR I+Hind III双酶切法及DNA测序证明cDNA序列完全正确.表达蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析表明,表达产物与预期大小(36.47 ku)一致,为可溶性表达.对诱导时间以及IPTG浓度的优化结果表明,当诱导6 h且IPTG浓度在0.8 mmol/L时表达量最大.Western-blot分析表明,表达的蛋白可被感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡的阳性血清特异性识别.将重组3-1E蛋白纯化后分为肌注蛋白组和肌注蛋白加弗氏完全佐剂组免疫AA鸡,通过计算抗球虫指数检测其保护力.结果显示,肌注重组蛋白组与肌注重组蛋白加弗氏完全佐剂组均能刺激鸡体产生一定的免疫反应,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染产生有力的保护,其中后者优于前者,表明该重组3-1E蛋白具有研制成亚单位疫苗的潜力.     

慢病毒载体介导的西尼罗河病毒prME蛋白的表达

将西尼罗河病毒(WNV)的主要免疫原性基因prME插入HIV-1慢病毒载体pHR中,构建了转移质粒pHR-WNV/prME。在脂质体介导下,将该质粒与p△8.2、pVSV/G共转染293T细胞,48h后收获细胞上清。将上清转导正常的293T细胞,通过报告基因荧光观察、间接免疫荧光检测。结果表明,利用HIV-1慢病毒载体系统包装得到了假型病毒,可以高效转导293T细胞,并实现了WNVprME基因在被转导细胞中的表达,从而为基于慢病毒载体的WNV新型疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

Antibiotics and probiotics in chronic pouchitis:A comparative proteomic approach

AIM:To profile protein expression in mucosal biopsies from patients with chronic refractory pouchitis following antibiotic or probiotic treatment,using a comparative proteomic approach. METHODS:Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were used to characterize the changes related to antibiotic therapy in the protein expression profiles of biopsy samples from patients with chronic refractory pouchitis.The same proteom...     

牛分枝杆菌mpb64和Ag85B融合基因在大肠埃希氏菌中的原核表达

以牛分枝杆菌Vallee株基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得mpb64和Ag85B两个目的基因片段,采用重叠延伸剪接技术(SOE)剪接mpb64和Ag85B,得到融合基因mpb64-Ag85B;将融合基因片段先克隆于pMD 18-T载体,再亚克隆到表达载体pET32a( )中,得到重组质粒pET64-85。该重组质粒经核苷酸序列测定,显示其中的外源片段与期望的序列一致;其BL21(DE3)转化菌经IPTG诱导表达带有6个组氨酸标签的融合蛋白;用Ni2 螯合层析方法纯化融合蛋白,Western-blotting分析结果显示,该融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生反应。     

Are courts re-inventing Internet regulation?

The article reviews the evolution and key dimensions of the jurisprudence around the world as it relates to the Internet regulation and governance. It argues that while the judicial sector played a fairly marginal role as far as on-line issues were concerned in the first two decades of the Internet development, judicial rulings have now emerged as one of the main forces shaping on-line freedom of expression and information and the Internet governance. The article reviews a number of decisions from Europe and Latin America to demonstrate that judicial ruling are challenging some of the Internet’s founding principles and values. They have become highly influential, not just as interpreters of the law (the tribunals’ traditional function) but as shapers or transformers of the Internet norms and values. This evolution has become particularly clear over the last three to five years, demonstrating the increasing confidence of judges and Tribunals in challenging engineers, users, corporations, or indeed governments and possibly establishing different norms as far as the cyberspace is concerned.     

论Flash网站视听美的表现

本文分析了近几年来Flash动画制作技巧以及视听效果表现方法,并对动画的制作进行概括,从而总结出动画制作中视觉、听觉美感表达一般规律。     

金黄色葡萄球菌黏附素FnBPB-ClFA共表达质粒的构建与原核表达

采用PCR方法对编码金黄色葡萄球菌纤黏蛋白B的D区和纤黏蛋白原凝集素A的A区基因片段进行了特异性扩增,并通过重叠延伸PCR扩增了FnBPB-ClFA串联基因,构建了克隆质粒pMD19-FnB-PB-ClFA。将该基因片段定向插入到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建了表达质粒pET-FnBPB-ClFA,并将其转入宿主菌BL21(DE3)。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在1mmol/L IPTG诱导下,在51ku处出现了与目的蛋白一致的外源蛋白带。Western-blot分析表明,所表达的蛋白与目的蛋白一致。上述结果表明,该融合基因在原核细胞中成功表达。