Immigrant enfranchisement in Latin America: From strongmen to universal citizenship

In order to explain non-citizen enfranchisement in Latin America, this article takes into account three dimensions: domestic (citizenship tradition, immigration levels, internal politics), global (international and bilateral agreements, human rights discourse) and regional (common markets, diffusion, geopolitics). The article identifies two main modalities: from the early twentieth century to the 1980s, when democracy was not a necessary condition and when national factors prevailed. Starting in the 1990s, democratization in Latin America has brought a new wave of non-citizen enfranchisement, this time with more influence of global and regional factors and, in various cases, in connection with external voting rights.     

对影响我国警察职业化发展因素的分析

内因是事物发展的根本原因,外因是事物发展的条件,二者相互作用,而同为事物发展的我国警察职业化,在其发展过程中遇到的问题自然也是无法避开这个哲学辩证关系。因此,本文立足于外因和内因二者的哲学辩证关系,对影响我国警察职业化发展的外部因素和内部因素进行分析。     

和谐社会视角下的环境刑事立法新探

由于传统环境民事、行政责任规制的疲软与对外部不经济性的内化不足,环境刑法的出现便具有了其历史的必然与必要。扭转以往的人类中心主义道德伦理范式进而转向更为科学合理的生态中心主义是环境刑事立法的应然选择。立基于社会利益格局的改变、道德共同体内涵的拓展与社会风险管理的需要,以生态中心主义为纲重塑我国环境刑法是我国环境保护法律体系走向理性化的科学路径。     

The Political Economy of State Failure: A Social Contract Approach

By employing the contract approach of state theory, this article provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of state failure phenomena which puts the emphasis on structural conditions as the root cause of state fragility and state failure. The article argues that the deep social fragility of some post-colonial societies, augmented by self-serving external interventions by foreign powers, is at the heart of their failure. Deep social fragility makes societies unable to cooperate and thus renders them powerless to discipline their leaders. Meanwhile, by linking leadership survival to the decisions and policies of a self-serving foreign power, intervention provides flawed incentives to the state leaders, which increases their predatory behaviour. In such situations, state leaders, rather than strengthening formal state institutions, again intensify the collective action problem and increase social fragility as mechanisms for survival.     

Housing Voucher Take‐Up and Labor Market Impacts

Low participation rates in government assistance programs are a major policy concern in the United States. This paper studies take‐up of Section 8 housing vouchers, a program in which take‐up rates are quite low among interested and eligible households. We link 18,109 households in Chicago that were offered vouchers through a lottery to administrative data and study how baseline employment, earnings, public assistance, arrests, residential location, and children's academic performance predict take‐up. Our analysis finds mixed evidence of whether the most disadvantaged or distressed households face the largest barriers to program participation. We also study the causal impact of peer behavior on take‐up by exploiting idiosyncratic variation in the timing of voucher offers. We find that the probability of lease‐up increases with the number of neighbors who recently received voucher offers. Finally, we explore the policy implications of increasing housing voucher take‐up by applying reweighting methods to existing causal impact estimates of voucher receipt. This analysis suggests that greater utilization of vouchers may lead to larger reductions in labor market activity. Differences in take‐up rates across settings may be important to consider when assessing the external validity of studies identifying the effects of public assistance programs.     

反腐外部监督机制的比较与完善

随着世界各国反贪机构的建立,"谁来监督监督者"的问题已经成为各国政府和社会公众广泛关注的焦点。我国香港特别行政区廉政公署的外部社会监督制度和澳大利亚新南威尔士廉政公署的外部专门监督制度是解决上述难题的两种典型实践例证,二者各具特色,对于完善我国的人民监督员制度具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。     

湿疹外洗方治疗湿热蕴肤型小儿湿疹临床观察

目的 观察湿疹外洗方治疗湿热蕴肤型小儿湿疹的临床疗效。方法 将70例符合纳入标准的湿疹患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例（对照组脱落3例,治疗组脱落2例）,治疗组采用湿疹外洗方治疗,对照组采用炉甘石洗剂治疗,连续用药2周,治疗前后对皮损面积、湿疹面积和严重度指数（eczema area and severity index, EASI）、湿热蕴肤证积分、瘙痒程度进行评价。结果 两组基于EASI的疗效、湿热蕴肤证疗效比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,基于瘙痒评分的疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组治疗后皮损面积和湿热蕴肤证积分降低程度明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 湿疹外洗方可以较好地缩小湿疹皮损面积,改善中医证候和瘙痒程度。     

芙蓉膏联合痔瘘洗剂治疗血栓性外痔临床观察

目的 观察痔瘘洗剂熏洗联合芙蓉膏外敷治疗血栓性外痔的临床疗效。方法 将40例血栓性外痔患者随机分为联合组和肛泰组,每组20例。联合组用痔瘘洗剂熏洗联合芙蓉膏外敷患处,肛泰组用肛泰软膏外敷患处。治疗3、5、7 d后,分别比较两组患者肛门疼痛、肛缘水肿及血栓颜色评分;治疗7 d后,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果 肛泰组治疗5、7 d后,联合组治疗3、5、7 d后肛门疼痛、肛缘水肿、血栓颜色评分均显著低于治疗前（P＜0.05）;治疗3、5、7 d后,联合组3种症状评分均显著低于肛泰组（P＜0.05）。联合组临床疗效显著优于肛泰组（P<0.05）。结论 痔瘘洗剂熏洗联合芙蓉膏外敷可减轻肛门疼痛,促进肛缘血栓吸收。     

内补外消法治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化40例

目的：应用内补外消法治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化。方法：采用单盲对比法将患随机分成两组，治疗组４０例，予三参口服液、复方紫河车胶囊口服和虫桃红液外敷。对照组２０例，按常规护肝治疗。结果：治疗组的临床症状、肝功能指标、肝脏纤维化指标、肝脾Ｂ超指标产治疗前有明显改善，且疗效优于对照组。结论：内补外消法治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化不仅疗效满意，还可减轻或防止药物不良作用。     

耳针辨证治疗脑卒中后失眠40例

目的 观察耳针治疗脑卒中后失眠的疗效。方法 将80例脑卒中后失眠患者随机分为对照组40例和治疗组40例，分别给予安眠药治疗和耳针治疗。结果 对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为67.5%、92.5%，两组总有效率比较，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 耳针辨证治疗脑卒中失眠具有较好的临床疗效。