Regional institutions: State withering or consolidation. the case of the Arab summits

The European Commission has spelled out its policy ambition for EU energy cooperation with the southern neighbourhood with plans for the establishment of an ‘Energy Community’. Its communications make clear that an Energy Community should be based on regulatory convergence with the EU acquis communautaire, much in the same vein as the existing institution carrying the same name; the Energy Community with Southeast Europe. It is puzzling that the Commission insists on repackaging this enlargement concept in a region with very different types of relationships vis-à-vis the EU, especially when considering the lukewarm position of key stakeholders in the field. According to them, any attempt to introduce a political integration model in this highly sensitive issue area in the politically fragmented MENA region might run the risk of hurting the incremental technical integration process that has slowly emerged over the past few years.     

农村群体性事件治理路径的外部环境研究——基于AGIL模型

农村群体性事件的有效治理,与农民群体的自觉、政府治理机制的完善、法律法规的健全与落实以及村民自治组织的支持四个方面构成的外部环境密不可分。现实中村民自治组织权力的虚化,导致农村群体性事件治理机制的外部系统各子系统之间的关系存在裂痕。基于帕森斯"AGIL模型"对农村群体性事件治理路径外部环境的分析,基层政府应树立执政为民的执政理念,为满足农民的需求,建立快捷有效的治理机制。     

External Democratization after War: Success and Failure

In post-war societies external actors promote democracy within a broad framework of state- and nation-building, rule-of-law building, and economic development. But not all democracy promotion efforts succeed in an equal way. A closer look at cases of intervention and democratization since 1945 helps us to account for this variation. Cases of democratization can be differentiated according to their level of post-war socio-economic development, the level of social trust versus the level of inner-societal violence, the character of remaining stateness, the potential erosion of the nation, and the terms of peace. In order to explain the democratization successes of the post-World War II period on the one hand, and the apparent democratization failures of the 1990s and after 11 September 2001 on the other, the strategies external actors use in post-war transformation must be considered. Sometimes, external actors differ significantly in their ability and willingness to deal with the five issues mentioned above. Given differences in both structural conditions and actor engagement, external actors should be more careful when using some of the early democratization cases as blueprints for democracy promotion today.     

The transnational protection regime and democratic breakthrough in Taiwan and South Korea

External state pressure is understood to have played a causally significant role in democratic breakthrough in Taiwan and South Korea during the 1980s. This article problematizes the international dimensions of democratization in Taiwan and South Korea by first providing a revisionist account of external agency which involved complex networks of transnational nonstate and substate actors. These included human rights activists, Christian churches and related ecumenical organizations, members of the Taiwanese and Korean diaspora communities in the US, academics and students, foreign journalists, and members of the US Congress. In forming a transnational “protection regime” during the 1970s and 1980s to protect the political opposition from repressive governments, they contributed to the development of effective democratic movements. The case studies provide us with a more comprehensive view of the international dimensions of democratization, speaking to both the country specific and general theoretical literatures on democratization at the same time.     

影响台湾地区政治文化变迁的外部因素分析

上个世纪70年代以来,台湾地区政治文化逐渐发生明显变化。从政治发展的角度考察,台湾地区政治文化的变化除受内部因素影响外,来自台湾地区外部因素的影响异常显著。中国大陆、美国、日本作为台湾地区主要的外部因素,对台湾地区政治文化变迁起着重要的触媒作用,透过台湾内部因素的作用,这些外部因素对台湾人的政治情感、政治信仰、政治态度的改变产生了深远的影响。     

软法与行政自制的控权机制探讨

以硬法与外部控制为代表的硬性控权管理机制主要通过法律规范和外部主体对行政权进行强制性控制;而以软法与行政自制为代表的软性控权管理机制则强调行政伦理和行政主体的主观能动性,从而对行政权进行更具柔性和灵活性的控制。尽管软法与行政自制能够有效弥补硬法与外部控制的不足,但二者相互结合、相互促进,才能达到最为理想的控权效果。     

票据无因性之经济诠释

票据无因性包括外在无因性和内在无因性。票据无因性的坚持与否端赖其流通性如何。通过对票据无因性的含义及采无因性的经济逻辑进行分析,提出我国票据法的立法缺陷及其完善,从而使我国的整个票据制度更趋合理,与国际票据法接轨。     

新时期朝鲜经济发展战略调整

2009年末朝鲜突然实施的货币更换和禁止外币流通措施以失败告终,虽然没有达到抑制通货膨胀、扭转汇率双重结构、整顿经济管理秩序混乱的目的,却加快了朝鲜扩大对外经济合作的步伐,明确显示出朝鲜利用外部力量促进经济发展的战略调整轨迹。朝鲜将经济重心由重工业向农业和轻工业转变,把提高人民生活水平作为经济政策的核心目标。但是,朝鲜要正确处理计划经济与市场经济、自力更生与有限的对外开放、重工业与农业和轻工业之间的关系,才能从根本上解决其经济难题,实现经济稳定增长。     

Empirical study on the influence of organizational learning and capability on technological mnovanon

Based upon the generalization of those theories in organizational learning, organizational capability and technological innovation, the essay discusses the influence of organizational learning and capability in technological innovation, and presents its relevant hypotheses. On analyzing the effective sample data from 682 enterprises of different industries across 10 provinces and cities in China, the empirical results reveal that external learning is in favor of enterprises to cultivate dynamic capability but to disfavor in improving the existing operational capability, internal learning benefits enterprises to improve the existing operational capability but to disbenefit in cultivating dynamic capability, dynamic capability has a positive impact on operational capability, dynamic capability has significantly positive correlation with product innovation and process innovation, while operational capability has only evidently positive correlation with product innovation.     

三石生新膏外敷治疗混合痔术后肛缘水肿疗效观察

目的观察三石生新膏外敷治疗混合痔外剥内扎术后肛缘水肿的临床疗效。方法将80例混合痔术后肛缘水肿患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。术后第2天开始,两组均用黄柏煎液坐浴,治疗组加用三石生新膏外敷,对照组加用50%硫酸镁湿敷。于术后第7天观察两组患者肛缘水肿消退情况,比较两组创面愈合时间。结果治疗组术后肛缘创面水肿消退的效果显著优于对照组(P=0.007),创面愈合时间较对照组显著缩短(P=0.001 1)。结论三石生新膏外敷可促进混合痔术后肛缘水肿消退,缩短创面愈合时间。