DNA条形码技术在兽医寄生虫学研究中的应用

阐述了DNA条形码的概念、DNA条形码基因的筛选方法、DNA条形码的优势与劣势和分析方法,概述了近几年DNA条形码在兽医寄生虫方面的应用情况,旨在引起广大读者对该技术的关注。     

Identification of forensically important sarcophagid flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China, based on COI and 16S rDNA gene sequences

Insects attracted to cadavers may provide important indications of the postmortem interval (PMI). However, use of the flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) for PMI estimation is limited as the species are often not morphologically distinct, especially as immatures. In this study, 23 forensically important flesh flies were collected from 13 locations in 10 Chinese provinces. Then, a 278-bp segment of the cytochrome oxidase subunits one (COI) gene and a 289-bp segment of the 16S rDNA gene of all specimens were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced segments showed that all sarcophagid specimens were properly assigned into four species (Boerttcherisca peregrina [Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830], Helicophagella melanura [Meigen, 1826], Parasarcophaga albiceps [Meigen, 1826], and Parasarcophaga dux [Thompson, 1869]) with relatively strong supporting values, thus indicating that the COI and 16S rDNA regions are suitable for identification of sarcophagid species. The difference between intraspecific threshold and interspecific divergence confirmed the potential of the two regions for sarcophagid species identification.     

Validation of a multiplex PCR assay for the forensic identification of Indian crocodiles

A dependable and efficient wildlife species identification system is essential for swift dispensation of the justice linking wildlife crimes. Development of molecular techniques is befitting the need of the time. The forensic laboratories often receive highly ill-treated samples for identification purposes, and thus, validation of any novel methodology is necessary for forensic usage. We validate a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, developed at this laboratory for the forensic identification of three Indian crocodiles, Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus, and Gavialis gangeticus, following the guidelines of Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods. The multiplex PCR was tested for its specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and stability. This study also includes the samples treated with various chemical substances and exposed to various environmental regimes. The result of this validation study promises this technique to be an efficient identification tool for Indian crocodiles and therefore is recommended for forensic purposes.     

Choosing relatives for DNA identification of missing persons

DNA-based analysis is integral to missing person identification cases. When direct references are not available, indirect relative references can be used to identify missing persons by kinship analysis. Generally, more reference relatives render greater accuracy of identification. However, it is costly to type multiple references. Thus, at times, decisions may need to be made on which relatives to type. In this study, pedigrees for 37 common reference scenarios with 13 CODIS STRs were simulated to rank the information content of different combinations of relatives. The results confirm that first-order relatives (parents and fullsibs) are the most preferred relatives to identify missing persons; fullsibs are also informative. Less genetic dependence between references provides a higher on average likelihood ratio. Distant relatives may not be helpful solely by autosomal markers. But lineage-based Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA markers can increase the likelihood ratio or serve as filters to exclude putative relationships.     

采用Identifiler系统判定消化系统肿瘤组织身源准则探讨

目的 探讨采用Identifiler系统进行消化系统肿瘤组织身源判定时共有等位基因数(IAn)和全相同基因座数(A2)的标准.方法 在对l05对消化系统肿瘤组织-身源正常组织对进行Identifiler系统分型的基础上,依据IAn和A2的有限分布原则,将IAn的16种取值代入已建立的相应判别函数,通过Fisher判别准...     

6+1STR试剂盒和电泳凝胶EX-Q20用于DNA快速检验

目的 建立快速个体识别STR分型方法.方法 取采集于FTA上的血样200份,经打孔仪取等量血痕分别使用6+1 STR试剂盒结合新型毛细管电泳凝胶EX-Q20进行快速电泳分析和使用SinofilerTM试剂盒结合POP4胶进行电泳分析,比较两者所耗费时间和结果的差异. 结果 6+1 STR试剂盒结合新型毛细管电泳凝胶能够...     

声纹鉴定中普通话音素间过渡方式特征研究

不同人所讲的普通话语流中相邻音素间的过渡方式分为不同的类型。音节内辅音-元音之间、音节间元音-辅音之间的过渡方式分为清晰过渡(或停顿过渡)和模糊过渡(或缓冲过渡)两种类型;音节内元音-辅音之间的过渡方式分为间断过渡和连续过渡两种类型;音节内元音-元音之间的过渡方式分为平滑过渡、间断过渡、交错过渡和异变过渡四种类型。对同一人的发音而言,不论其相邻音素间的过渡方式属于上述哪种类型,都表现出较强的自身同一性。因此音素间的过渡方式可以作为声纹鉴定中的一类特征。     

线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增系统鉴别种属的研究

目的建立线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增体系用于种属鉴定的方法。方法提取人、牛、猪、羊、鸡的DNA,用所选的3对引物复合扩增细胞色素b基因（cyt b）片段、16srRNA基因片段和ND4基因片段,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果人DNA扩增产物在358bp、157bp和110bp处各出现一条带;动物DNA扩增产物均只有358bp一条带。结论线粒体DNA短片段复合扩增鉴别种属的方法可区分人源性生物检材和其它动物样本,可应用于法庭科学实践。     

犬17A STR 5色荧光检测试剂盒在警犬DNA鉴定中的应用研究

目的建立犬DNA检测方法。方法采用自主研发的多重PCR扩增体系和五色荧光（FAM、HEX、TAMRA、ROX和SIZ）自动化检测技术调查了犬DAmel和VWFX等16个STR基因座和1个性别决定基因座多态性,并计算该16个STR基因座的等位基因频率（P）、杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）和非父排除率（PE）。实验犬为11个品种231头犬。结果结果显示该16个STR位点的非父排除率（PE）和个体识别力（DP）分别为0.995026和0.999999992。结论显示研发的犬STR-DNA荧光检测试剂盒可作为犬DNA鉴定常规应用。